岩溶表层带水生动物研究进展

本文旨在介绍岩溶表层带水生生态研究中微小甲壳类生物的最新研究进展，相关研究国内还少有涉及。岩溶表层带不仅仅是岩溶地下含水层的一个重要组成，而且是岩溶发育的活跃地带，同时也是大量地下生物生存的栖息地。目前，岩溶表层带内甲壳类主要采自洞穴滴水，残留的滴水水洼以及裂隙中的水体。这些甲壳类主要是桡足类，也有其他甲壳类，如端足目和介形虫，它们主要为暗层生物（stygobiont），也包括一些陆生物种。以斯洛文尼亚为例，在所调查的洞穴中平均每个洞穴有近9个暗层桡足类物种，为了适应表层带特殊的地质环境，这些物种在形体上存在适当的进化。表层带的众多地质因子如顶板厚度、栖息地的连通性、及栖息地的大小等，以及水文因子包括水文动态特征、水化学特征等，都对这些物种的组成与分布有较大的影响。虽然岩溶表层带及其水生动物的独特性和重要性已逐步得到了许多地质学家和生物学家的认可，但还有很多问题有待进一步的解答，譬如邻近群落间差异性，以及桡足类对非饱和带水流指示作用等。 

Progress of research on aquatic fauna in epikarst

This paper presents the latest progress of research on epikarstic aquifer fauna. The epikarst is not only an essential part of karst formations, but also the most active zone of karstification.It is also the ideal habitat for numerous living things in the karst aquifer. Most faunal samples are taken from percolating water in cave ceilings, water pools within the cave or fissures. The majority of species collected from epikarst are Copepods, as well as some other species, such as Amphipods and Ostracods. These are mainly stygobiont, and also some other terrestrial species. For instance, in the studied Slovenian caves, there are nine stygobiotic copepod species on average in each cave. In order to adapt the epikarstic condition, some parts of their bodies evolve properly. Several geological factors of epikarst, such as the thickness of cave ceiling, the connection between habitats and their size and hydrological factors, including hydrodynamic and hydrochemical characteristics, can impose impacts on the faunal composition and distribution. Although the uniqueness and importance of epikarst has been described by many geologists and biologists, some urgent questions remain unanswered. For example, how to explain the difference between the adjacent communities and how to evaluate the indicators of the copepods in the vadose flow are still expecting more scientific efforts. 