我国西南纵向岭谷区环境与发展问题初步研究

我国西南纵向岭谷区是我国西南与东南亚极为重要的生态走廊,生态变化直接影响我国跨境生态安全及资源保障。该区南北方向“通道”和东西方向“阻隔”作用的形成主要是由于大气环流、南北走向山脉对季风的阻挡作用和人为作用的影响。其生态效应主要表现为植被分布的三维地带性规律;干旱河谷发育,生态脆弱;生态系统类型多样,格局复杂。“通道－阻隔”作用的形成因素和生态效应亦作用到社会经济活动上。研究表明该区跨境生态安全研究中的重要科学问题：纵向岭谷区生态系统的变化趋势及主驱动力;纵向岭谷区重大工程建设的生态效应;纵向岭谷区的跨境生态安全及调控。为了适应该区跨境生态安全和社会经济发展的需要,必须有一个生态－经济综合区划作为研究基础。本文以生态地理地域系统为基础,引入社会经济指标,对研究区进行生态－经济分区,共划分为三个温度带,7个自然地带,19个自然区和55个经济小区。

Major Research Perspectives on Environmental and Developmental Issues for the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) in Southwestern China

Located in north -south directed mountains and valleys in Southwestern China,mainly in Yunnan Province , the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) is a very important ecological corridor between South China and South -East Asian. Ecological changes in this region directly influence Chinese trans -boundary ecological security and resources security. Under the comprehensive conditions of environmental pattern on landform, climate, water, soil, vegetation as well as human activity, corridor phenomena in the south -north direction and barrier functions in the west -east direction have been showed distinctively on ecological economic system in this region. "Corridor-barrier" functions in LRGR are formed mainly by atmospheric circulation and geographical location; the barrier effect of North-South directive mountains to monsoon; and human activities. "Corridor-barrier" functions and its ecological effect in LRGR can be expressed as three major aspects: obviously three dimension distribution laws of vegetation in north-south direction, west-east direction and vertical direction; developed dry valleys and their fragile environments, and diverse ecosystems and their complicated patterns. Vital scientific research questions in this region include: ecological system changes and their driving factors, ecological effects of significant engineering construction projects, and trans -boundary ecological security as well as countermeasures. For better understanding of trans -boundary ecological security and socio -economic condition, ecological -economic regionalization is required to provide a scientific base. Based on macro ecological region system, social-economic indexes are applied to differentiate ecological-economic regions in this paper. The scheme divides the region into three temperature zones, seven natural zones, nineteen natural divisions and fifty-five economic districts.