海域使用权立体分层确权及管理配套制度探讨

由于社会经济的不断发展和科技的快速进步，我国对海域空间资源的开发利用已从二维平面转向三维立体空间开发，但随之也对我国海域空间范围界定和权属管理提出了更高的要求。文章从海域立体空间分层特性出发，对我国海域使用权立体分层确权的内涵、基本原则、考虑因素进行了深入剖析，并对我国海域三维立体开发利用中面临的困境和管理配套制度的设计进行了综合探讨。研究结果表明：海域空间可以分为水面上方、水面、水体、海床和底土5个部分，海域使用权立体分层确权则是在同一海域多层次利用中，对基于特定功能用途所占用的特定海域空间开展使用权确权的过程，在海域使用权管理的过程中，必须构建和完善海域空间三维产权法律制度体系，以确保海域使用权立体分层确权的实施。

Research on Three-Dimensional Multilayer Usufruct of Sea Areas and Associated Management System

With the continuous development of social economy and the rapid progress in science and technology, the three-dimensional multilayer usufruct of sea areas has become an effective way to fulfil the increasing marine usage activities in China. However, this pattern has put forward higher demands for the spatial scope definition and ownership management of sea areas. This paper analyzed the connotation, basic principles and consideration factors of multilayer usufruct of sea areas based on the nature of stratification in three-dimensional space of sea areas, and the difficulties in the development and utilization of three-dimensional space of sea areas and the design of the associated management system were comprehensively discussed. Research results showed that the sea area space could be divided into five parts: above the water surface, water surface, water body, seabed and subsoil. The three-dimensional multilayer usufruct of sea areas was the process of confirming the right to use the specific sea space occupied by specific functional purposes in the multi-level use of the same sea area. A legal system of three-dimensional property rights in sea space should be constructed and improved to ensure the implementation of three-dimensional multilayer usufruct of sea areas.