1951—2009年衢州气候变化特征

基于1951—2009年衢州国家基本气象站近59 a的气温、降水等资料,对衢州市特征性灾害天气——暴雨分布进行分析,探讨衢州市区域性气象要素的变化特征。结果表明：近59 a来衢州市年平均温度在波动中呈上升趋势,特别是20世纪90年代初期开始,气温急剧上升;90年代以后19 a的平均温度比50年代上升了0.68℃,其中冬季变暖比较明显,其次为夏季。极端气温年平均值也有上升趋势,且具有明显季节性,最高温度上升幅度大于最低温度上升幅度。衢州市年降水量变化有向极端方向变化的趋势,通常以4—5 a为一个周期,偏多和偏少年份交替出现,但平均年降水量的变化并不明显。年内降水量分布呈现明显的季节性,夏季较多,冬季较少。1966年前,年降雨量变化幅度较平稳,年降雨量偏少;1966年后,降雨量逐渐增多,1975年前后达到峰值,而后逐渐减少;1980年前后发生突变,且波动增多。

Climate change characteristics from 1951 to 2009 in Quzhou,Zhejiang province

Based on air temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2009,the distributions of heavy rain in Quzhou were analyzed.The change characteristics of the regional meteorological elements were discussed.The results indicate that the mean annual air temperature has an increasing trend in the recent 59 years in Quzhou,especially in the early stage of 1990s.Compared with the mean annual air temperature of 1950s,the average temperature during 1990-2009 has increased by 0.68 ℃.Warming is more obvious in winter than in summer.The average of the extreme temperature is also in an increasing trend,and it has the obviously seasonal variation.The ascending amplitude of the maximum temperature is larger than that of the minimum temperature.There is a 4-5 years cycle for precipitation in Quzhou.The richer and less precipitation years alternate,while the changes of the annual precipitation are not significant.The distributions of precipitation have the obviously seasonal characteristics in a year,and precipitation is higher in summer and lower in winter.The change amplitude of annual precipitation is stable and rainfall is less before 1966,while rainfall increases gradually after 1966 and it reaches peak in 1975,and then decreases gradually.The abrupt change of precipitation occurs around 1980,and oscillation increases.