Amending highly weathered soils with finely ground basalt rock |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China;3. Fuping Modern Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Fuping 711700, Shaanxi, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;5. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;6. College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;7. Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy;2. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA;1. Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Food and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 109, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;3. School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China |
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| Abstract: | Surface (0–10 cm) samples of 7 soils from tropical coastal Queensland were incubated at room temperature and at field capacity with finely ground (<150 μ) basalt rock for 3 months. The amendment was applied at 0, 1, 5, 25 and 50 t/ha to cover situations of moderate application rates to that where the amendment might be banded to produce high local concentrations. Having an abrasion pH of about 9, the amendment was able to reduce both active acidity (as estimated by an increase in soil pH) and reserve acidity (reduction in % Al saturation of the CEC). Increases in soil pH resulted in increased CEC, depending on the variable charge nature of each soil, accompanied by increases in exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K supplied by the basalt. The amounts of basic cations converted to exchangeable form constituted only a fraction of the amounts applied. Thus the cations held in reserve ensure that the effect of cation enrichment will be prolonged. In some soils phosphate sorption was significantly reduced by crushed basalt application. Furthermore, ‘available’ P as measured by extraction with 0.005 M H2SO4 was increased. These effects appear to be due to the release of silicate from the basalt as well as modest amounts of phosphate in the rock. Three extractants commonly used for estimating Si availability in sugarcane production indicated that all 7 soils contained sub-optimal levels of the element. Application of crushed basalt rock increased extractable Si levels above what is considered sufficient for this crop. The incubated soils were placed in columns and leached with the equivalent of 2750-mm (average wet season) rainfall. Re-analysis showed that the favourable chemical soil properties imparted by the amendment were retained. These results add further support to the contention that the effects of amelioration will continue for some time. |
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