基于地基微波辐射计反演四川盆地水汽及云液态水的初步分析

利用2016年12月1日～2017年11月30日，地基微波辐射计、L波段探空资料和地面常规气象资料，对四川盆地的水汽和云液态水进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)探空与微波辐射计反演的水汽含量差值为0.558cm，相关系数为0.787，且通过了α=0.01显著性检验，微波辐射计反演的水汽含量是可信的。(2)基于地基微波辐射计分析四川盆地水汽和云液态水含量的变化特征，可以得出，夏季水汽含量最多，秋季云液态水含量最多；最大值出现在夜晚，最小值出现在白天，夜晚值大于白天。水汽含量和云液态水含量最大值和最小值时间间隔秋季最长(均为16小时)，冬季最短(分别为9小时、10小时)；水汽含量日较差在秋季最大(1.096cm)，冬季最小(0.489cm)，云液态水含量日较差在夏季最大(0.908mm)，冬季最小(0.311mm)。水汽含量与降水、温度的月变化特征为显著性正相关，相关系数分别为0.842和0.915；与温度日变化特征在春、秋季的11:00～次日01:00为显著性正相关，白天相关性大于夜晚，在夏季01:00～13:00为显著性负相关，日出前相关性最高。(3)水汽和云液态水含量在降水过程开始前1～2h有明显的波动上升，降水结束后，水汽和云液态水含量迅速减少，水汽和云液态水的变化特征对降水天气的预报具有指示意义。 

Preliminary Analysis of Water-Vapor Content and Liquid-Water Content in Sichuan Basin Based on Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer

A primary analysis on the Water-Vapor Content and Liquid-water Content in Sichuan basin is conducted based on the data from ground-based microwave radiometer、L-band sounding and ground data . Results that: (1) the D-value of L-band sounding and ground-based microwave radiometer is 0.558cm,correlation index is 0.787,?=0.01 significance test is passed,and the water-vapor content of ground-based microwave radiometer is trusted.(2) The water-vapor content is maximal in summer and is minimal in autumn,maximum value appears at night,minimum value appears in daytime,value at night is greater than value in daytime. The time interval between maximum and minimum value of water-vapor content and liquid-water content are most prominent in autumn (16 hours,16 hours), shortest in winter (9 and 10 hours respectively); the diurnal range of water-vapor content is the greatest in autumn (1.096m) and is the smallest in winter(0.489cm) ; the diurnal range of liquid-water content is the greatest in summer(0.908mm)and is the smallest in winter(0.311mm). The inter-monthly variation of water-vapor content、temperature and precipitation are positively correlated,the correlation index are 0.842 and 0.915; The diurnal variation of water-vapor content and temperature are positive at 11:00-the next day of 1:00 in spring and autumn (the correlation index in daytime is greater than at night),and negative at 1:00~13:00 in summer. Maximum correlation index appears before sunrise. (3)water-vapor content and liquid-water content increases fluctuant and rapidly 1-2 hrs. before the rainfall,and decreases rapidly after the rainfall. The characteristics of the water-vapor content and liquid-water content are significant to the rainfall forecasting.