中国北方沙尘灾害影响因子分析

利用中国北方1951—2000年188个沙尘暴代表站的气象观测数据和1983—2000年EROS数据中心NDVI数据，对我国北方沙尘灾害的影响因子进行了分析。主要结论有：①在影响沙尘暴发生、发展、演化的自然因子中，植被覆盖度、降水、大风日数和温度起关键作用，夏季植被覆盖度对来年春季沙尘暴发生频次影响较大，降水和温度主要表现在对地表植被覆盖等与沙尘暴有关的地表参数的影响；②大风日数和温度是沙尘暴形成的动力因子，植被覆盖度和降水是阻力因子。沙尘暴日数和持续时间的变化，主要取决于动力因子与阻力因子的综合作用；③遏制沙尘灾害的治本办法，不在于治理沙尘暴本身，而在于消除产生土地退化、生态安全下降的社会原因，处理好发展与生态环境建设的关系。

The Impact Factor Analysis of Dust Storm Disaster in Northern China

Based on data(1951-2000) from the 188 meteorological observation stations and the NDVI data(1983-2000) from EROS data center from 1983 to 2000,the authers analyzed the impact factors of dust storm in northern China,and arrived at the main conclusions as follows:(1) Among the natural factors which affect the occurrence,development and evolution of dust storm,vegetation coverage,precipitation,windy days and temperature play a critical role.The summer vegetation coverage affects the occurrence frequency of the following spring season.Precipitation and temperature have direct impact on the dust storm related ground parameters such as vegetation coverage.(2) Windy days and temperature are composed of the impetus factors of dust storm,and vegetation coverage and precipitation are the main resistance factors.The changes of the dust storm days and duration mainly depend on the integrated affection of the impetus factors and the resistance factors.(3) The fundamental measures to reduce dust storm disaster is not to deal with dust storm itself,but to eliminate the social impact which caused land and ecological degradation and to achieve the harmony development among social,economic and eco-environmental construction.