Formation mechanisms of “Negative”-intensity spots in the cosmic microwave background radiation and distant objects

We consider the formation mechanisms of “negative”-intensity spots in the radio band for various astrophysical conditions. For wavelengths λ<1.5 mm, the regions of reduced temperature (relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation, CMBR) are shown to be produced only by high-redshift objects moving at peculiar velocities. The main processes are CMBR Thomson scattering and bremsstrahlung. We show that the effect δT/T can be ～10^?5 in magnitude. We derive simple analytic expressions, which allow the redshifts, electron densities, and linear sizes of these regions to be estimated from observed spectral and spatial parameters. Additional observational methods for refining these parameters are outlined.