野生对虾与养殖对虾脂肪酸组成和含量的比较

野生中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)脂肪酸的组成类似于其他的海洋动物,即雌、雄虾的肝胰脏和肌肉中,棕榈酸(16:0)和n-3族高不饱和脂肪酸(如20:5n-3和22:6n-3)占优势。野生虾体内含有的脂肪酸种类,尤其是高不饱和脂肪酸的种类多于养殖虾。野生虾肝胰脏中主要脂肪酸为16:0(20.0～22.5%),18:0(2.5～2.9%),18:1 n-9(12.3～14.0%),18:2 n-6(2.4～2.6%),20:5 n-3(6.1～6.6%)和22:6 n-3(7.1～7.5%)。肌肉中的主要脂肪酸种类大致与肝胰脏中相同。养殖虾中除了18:2 n-6(6.3～13.0%)高于和16:l(3.6～4.2%)低于野生虾外,其余的基本类似。野生虾比养殖虾有较高水平的n-3族和较低水平的n-6族不饱和脂肪酸,且野生虾n-3/n-6族脂肪酸的比率同样大于养殖虾。

COMPARISON OF THE COMPOSITION AND CONTENTS OF THE FATTY ACIDS OF WILD AND CULTURED PRAWN, PENAEUS CHINENSIS

The fatty acid composition of prawn (Penaeus chinesis) was similar to that in other marine animals, palmitic acid(16:0) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:5n-3, 22:6n-3) predominating in both male and female. The major fatty acids of the hepatopancreas of wild P. chinensis were 16:0 (20. 0-22. 5%), 16:1(9.9-10.1%), 18:0(2.5-2.9%), 18:1n-9 (12.3-14. 0%),18:2n-6(2.4-2.6%), 20:5n-3(6. 1-6. 6%) and 22:6n-3(7. 1-7. 5%). Muscle had almost the same profile. Cultured P. chinensis major fatty acids were similar except that levels of 18:2n-6(6. 3-13. 0%) were higher and 16:1(3. 6-4. 2%)low-er. It was found that wild prawn had higher levels of n-3 and lower levels of n-6, unsaturated fatty acids but the cultured one had lower levels of n-3 and higher levels n-6. The n-3/n-6 ratio of the wild prawn was also higher than that of the cultured one.