岩虫消化管组织学、组织化学和超微结构的初步研究

运用光学显微镜、透射电镜和组织化学方法初步研究了岩虫（Marphysa sanguinea）消化管的组织结构和消化酶的分布。结果显示：岩虫消化管呈长直管状，可分为口咽腔、食道、肠和后肠。组织化学研究表明食道粘膜层固有层有分泌酸性粘多糖、中性粘多糖和混合粘多糖3种粘液细胞；肠及消化盲囊的上皮细胞游离端及顶部胞质均检测到碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和酯酶的活性。透射电镜显示食道粘膜固有层的粘液细胞可分为含低电子密度颗粒、高电子密度颗粒和电子透明颗粒3种。肠和消化盲囊绒毛发达，上皮细胞表面具丰富微绒毛，游离端细胞质中可见酶原颗粒、吞饮小泡、丰富的粗面内质网及溶酶体。肠纤毛沟由纤毛柱状上皮细胞组成，带环状横纹的纤毛小根插入细胞内部，纤毛小根之间散布着丰富的线粒体、溶酶体等结构。

A Study of the Histology, Histochemistry and Ultrastructural of the Digestive Tract of the Marphysa sanguinea

Histological and histochemical methods and electron microscopy were used in the preliminary studies on the organization,the location of relevant digestive enzymes and ultrastructure of the digestive tract of the Marphysa sanguinea.Morphological and histological studies show that the digestive tract of M.sanguinea is short and can be divided into cavum oropharyngeum,esophagus,intestine with digestive diverticuta and caudal intestine. The digestive tract behind the pharynex can be divided into four layers,which are mucous layer,tunica submucosa,muscular layer and ectal membrance,in which the most important change is the mucousa layer.The mucous layer of the cavum oropharyngeum has short simple columnar epithelia with keratinous layer and lamina propria with rich mucosa cells.The mucous layer of the esophagus is similar to that of the cavum oropharyngeum but lamina propria has more mucosa cells.Mucousa epithelia of intestine and digestive diverticuta are mainly simple columnar epithelia.The intestine has plentiful villi,which is mainly composed of high columnar epithelia with more striated border and less cilia.Muscles out of intestine and digestive diverticuta are thin but at the same time blood sinus are much more rich.Caudal intestine is slender and short,which has ciliated columnar epithelium.The presence of abundant alkaline phosphatse activity in the free end of the epithelia and striated border of the intestine and digestive diverticula suggest that these cells were actively involved in absorption of food materials.The absorptive and digestive role is supported by the presence of an intense acid phosphatase in the epithelium of the intestine and digestive diverticula.The esterase was detected in the intestine and digestive diverticula.Only neutral mucous cells and a few acidic mucous cells can be found in the intestinal epithelia and digestive diverticula,which can support more evidence that gastrovascular cavity is the main position on food's digestion.There are many mucous cells in the whole digestive tract,this mucosubstances play important role in both digestion and absorption of nutrient.