大都市边缘区的环境问题及其对策——以北京市房山区为例

大都市边缘区是城市人口和产业外迁的主要地带,建设用地扩展迅速,土地利用变化剧烈。加之该区离城市较近,其生产和生活方式接近城市,生产和生活垃圾较多;同时该区域又具有基础设施相对落后,规划相对欠缺的特点,因此,该区环境问题突出,污染较为严重。房山区位于北京市区西南,是典型的城乡边缘地带。重点剖析该区域在土地和水资源利用、矿产资源开采和旅游发展过程中存在的主要环境问题,并针对这些问题,结合房山区特点,提出了相应的对策。研究可为我国大城市边缘区的环境问题研究提供参考。

The Environmental Problems in Urban Fringes of the Metropolitan Area and the Countermeasures: A Case Study of Fangshan District of Beijing

The urban fringe area is the main region to which urban population and industries moves outwards. As a result, built-up areas expand quickly, and land use changes are dramatic in these areas. Furthermore, the area is adjacent to the large built-up area, and has the similar living style and industrial structure to those of urban areas, which may bring more waste compared with remote rural villages. At the same time, the basic infrastructure is poor in this area. So, the Environmental problems are very serious and sensitive. Fangshan district is located in the southwestern part of Beijing, and is one of typical urban fringes. The Environmental problems of the district discussed in this paper include those related to the processes of land use, use of water resources, the exploitation of mineral resource, and the development of tourism. To solve these problems, corresponding measures are put forward. The research may provide a reference for the study of Environmental problems in urban fringes of big cities.