边坡开挖破坏过程的离心模型试验研究

边坡开挖是工程中经常遇到的问题。在清华大学土工离心机上，开发了一种离心机运转过程中的边坡开挖模拟技术。进行了土坡开挖的离心模型试验，测量了开挖过程中边坡的位移场变化。结果表明，边坡的破坏过程是从坡体下部开始的剪切带逐渐向上发展贯通的过程，并经历了滑裂面贯通前的平缓变形和贯通后变形迅速增大两个阶段。坡顶裂缝最初均是由受拉引起的，但随着剪切带的不断向上发展，裂缝的扩展是由拉伸和剪切两种作用综合引起的。

Centrifuge model tests on excavation-induced failure of slopes

Based on the centrifuge of Tsinghua University, a new device was developed to conduct the excavation of a slope in flight. The centrifuge model test was conducted to simulate the excavation of a cohesive slope. The displacement field was measured during the excavation. The results show that the failure process of the slope begins at the bottom of the slope and extends to the top eventually, including two stages: small deformation stage and rapidly increasing deformation stage. Cracks occurred in the top due to tension, however, their extension can be attributed to the cooperation of tension and shear along with the shear zone.