重庆市公共租赁住房社区居民的职住空间匹配

居住与就业间的空间组织是城市空间结构的重要组成要素之一,国外自20 世纪60 年代提出后引发了大量关于弱势群体居住和就业空间机会及其关系的实证研究。近年来在中国城市快速空间重构的背景下,中低收入群体的职住分离现象也引起广泛关注。运用职住空间错位理论,以重庆市主城区公共租赁住房社区为案例进行研究,对541 份有效问卷的统计分析表明:① 公共租赁住房居民搬迁前通勤距离与通勤时间的均值分别从6.5 km与32 min,增加到搬迁后的15 km与52 min;② Logit回归分析表明,群体类型对公共租赁住房居民通勤时间差异影响最为显著,年龄与居民通勤时间呈负相关关系,性别与年龄对通勤时间产生较显著影响。③ 公共租赁住房供应的政策性因素造成了被动迁移型空间不匹配现象,是其住户的区位选择与主要就业场所不匹配而引发的,因此需要深入研究公共租赁住房合理的空间布局方案和实施途径,尽可能将公共租赁住房区位规划在内城。

Matching analysis of the job and residence space of residents in the public rental housing community in Chongqing

The space organization between living and employment is an important element of the urban spatial structure. Since it was proposed in the 1960s, much empirical research has been conducted on the vulnerable groups between residential and employment space and opportunities. In recent years, under the background of the fast urban space reconstruction in China, the middle-low income groups'' separation of workplace and residence has also aroused much attention. This paper takes the public rental housing communities in Chongqing''s main urban area as an example to carry on a study on the job and living space dislocation theory. Based on the statistical analysis of 541 valid questionnaires, it is shown that: (1) The average of commuting distance and time of pubic rental housing residents increases from 6.5 km and 32 min to 15 km and 52 min, respectively after the relocation; (2) Logit regression analysis shows that the population types affect the differences of public rental housing residents'' commuting time most significantly, and age demonstrates a negative correlation with residents'' commuting time, moreover, gender and age influence commuting time remarkably; (3) The policy factors of public rental housing supply bring about the passive migration type spatial mismatching, which is triggered by the mismatching between residents'' location selections and the major employment places. Therefore, it is necessary to make a further study of reasonable space layout programs and implementing ways of public rental housing, and to plan the location of public rental housing in the inner city as soon as possible.