物联网时代信息地理研究的思考

近年来物联网在全球掀起巨大热潮。作为新一代信息技术,物联网不仅将给生产运行、经济和社会管理乃至个人生活带来极大影响,同时将会给地理学带来深刻变化,成为信息地理研究的重要对象。深入分析物联网对于地理学核心概念以及信息地理研究方法带来的影响,构建物联网时代信息地理研究的理论框架,主要包括:物联网构造了新的地理空间——现实地理空间与虚拟空间的统一体,推动人地关系的改善;物联网时代的信息实时收集与处理特征,使得空间结构、产品空间、行为空间发生重要变化,信息作为区位的影响因素将得到增强,城市交通、居住、工作和休憩功能空间受到影响,物联网从规范产业链和改变消费行为两个方面影响商业模式,人的环境感应能力增强,影响人们的空间感知和空间行为;基于物理世界的海量实时数据,信息地理研究方法发生变化,实证、时间维度、微观尺度等方面的研究将会增强。进而,系统性提出物联网时代信息地理的主要研究内容。

Prospect on information geography in the era of Internet of Things

Recently, Internet of Things sets off a huge boom in the world. As the next generation of IT, Internet of Things will exert impact on production, economic and social management, and even personal life. At the same time, it will bring profound changes to geography and will become an important object of information geography. This article deeply analyses the impact of internet of things on core concepts and research methods of geography and builds the theoretical framework of information geography in the Internet of Things era. The theoretical framework includes the following four aspects: (1) Internet of Things breaks through time and space isolation between geographical space and information space, constructing new geographical space-the unity of real geographical space and virtual space, and promoting the improvement of man-land relationship; (2) Internet of Things has impact on spatial structure. Information, as a factor affecting location, will be enhanced. Functional spaces for urban transportation, residence, work, and leisure will be affected; (2) Internet of Things impacts product space and rebuilds the business model by optimizing the supply chain and changing consumer behaviors; (4) Internet of Things impacts behavior space. People''s ability of environment sensing will be enhanced. Thereby people''s spatial perception and spatial behavior will be affected. In addition to the above aspects, based on real-time and mass data of the physical world, research methods of information geography will also change. Empirical, time dimensional, micro-scale study will be enhanced. In the support of the theory, this article further provides systematic research content of Information Geography in the Internet of Things era.