中国历史文化名村的时空分布特征及成因

古村落是具有文化遗产性质的乡村聚落,选取古村落发展中最具代表性的国家级历史文化名村来分析中国古村落的空间分布特征,探讨其影响因素和分布原因,从而进一步引导中国乡村地区的同步发展,促进城乡一体化进程。研究表明:① 我国历史文化名村主要沿河流分布、多是历史上的经济文化中心、交通要塞和文明的发祥地,并形成了3 大集中区、3 大相对集中区和4 大过渡扩散区,孕育了6 个文化区;② 中国历史文化名村建造时间跨度较大,但多集中在唐宋明清4 个朝代,明朝保留下来的古村落最多,分布范围最广;③ 造成中国历史文化名村分布不均衡的主要原因有资源禀赋特点、评定标准的局限、依托腹地的经济发达程度和区域政策导向。

Temporal-spatial distribution and formation of historic and cultural villages in China

The ancient village possesses unique regional characteristics, integrated building structure, abundant material and intangible cultural heritage, and more importantly, they are still be used today. The rapid development of urbanization brings chances for the ancient villages and also deeply affects transformation of social economic structures of ancient villages. The thesis selects some representative old villages—historical cultural villages to analyze the balanced degree of spatial distribution of ancient villages, then discusses the influencing factors and finally puts forwards strategies to keep spatial balance of ancient villages and further lead simultaneous development of all the old villages in order to promote the progress of urban and rural integration. The study shows: (1) Chinese historic cultural villages have different characteristics in spatial distribution, spatial form, river system distribution, regional culture and transportation system. The majority of these villages are distributed along the river and are cultural centers, traffic hubs and birthplace of civilization in history; the villages form three centers, three sub-centers and four transition diffusion areas, and cultivate six cultural centers. (2) Chinese historic cultural villages mainly built in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, have a long history. Among the villages, the Ming Dynasty dominates the number and spatial distribution. (3) The reasons for their spatial uneven distribution include the resource endowment, limited selection criteria, economic development level and regional policy making.