公共艺术介入乡村建设失效过程分析及影响机制研究——以云南省元阳阿者科村“哈尼娃”为例

包括公共艺术在内的艺术实践介入乡村建设(以下简称“艺术乡建”),旨在通过乡村新文化景观的再造和空间重构,传达对乡土文化的传承与创新的理想愿望。然而在艺术乡建的热潮之下,现有研究较少关注艺术乡建的失效案例,缺乏对消极影响因素及其内在机制的探讨。论文以一个以雕塑视觉艺术实践介入乡村建设的典型案例——云南省元阳阿者科村的公共艺术项目“哈尼娃”,一个构建与外部公共空间相协调的公共艺术场景为例,通过对起始、运营及后运营3个阶段的历时性过程分析,总结了公共艺术介入乡村建设的失效机制。研究认为：艺术话语构建而成的“艺术世界”与日常生活经验构成的“生活世界”之间存在价值错位,依赖于艺术家的单向培育,难以短期内形成乡建的“共同体”和持久的社会效应。权力主体、参与的行为主体及受众群体的波动和变化,都将对艺术实践的价值目标转化造成负面影响。在不同发展程度的乡村中,艺术乡建在面临着可操作性问题之外,更在根本上遭遇社会结构性问题,单一的艺术实践缺乏解决乡村问题的能力。对失效影响因素和过程的讨论,是对艺术乡建进行批判性思考的重要环节,有助于启发未来的具体实践。

A case study of ineffective public art intervention in rural construction:Haniwa sculpture in Azheke Village,Yuanyang County

Art practice including public art is involved in rural construction to realize the reconstruction of new rural cultural landscape and spatial reconstruction, and to convey the desire for the inheritance and innovation of local culture. However, under the background of heated art intervention in the construction of art townships, few studies have examined the failed cases and the negative influencing factors and mechanism of impact in the construction of art townships. This study examined the public art case of Haniwa in Azheke Village, Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, which is a sculptural visual art practice in rural construction. This article summarized the failure mechanism of public art involvement in rural construction through this case, and analyzed the local processes in the initial, operational, and post-operational stages. The study concluded that there is a misalignment of values between the "art world" constructed by art discourse and the "life world" constituted by everyday experience, with the former relying on the one-way cultivation of artists, making it difficult to form a "community" and lasting social effects in the short term. In the process of linking the two worlds, the variations and changes in the subjects of power, the actors involved, and the audience groups will all have an impact on the transformation of the value objectives of artistic practice. In villages with different levels of development, the artistic approach to rural construction faces the problem of operability, but more fundamentally, it encounters social structural problems, where a single artistic practice lacks the capacity to solve rural issues. A discussion on the factors and processes that influence failure is an important part of critical thinking about artistic approach to rural construction, and can help to inspire concrete future practices.