陆地表层系统分类研究进展——从土地类型到地球关键带类型

陆地表层系统是多圈层相互作用下形成的综合体,具有时空异质性和层次性。对陆地表层系统进行多层级类型划分是识别其空间分异格局和演替规律的重要方法,可为多尺度地球科学系统研究和自然资源统一管理提供科学依据。陆地表层系统分类其实质是在特定尺度下对其组成要素间的空间和关系的划分,故土地类型、地表基质、关键带类型等都可归纳为陆地表层系统分类方案。论文在对国内外典型陆地表层系统分类方案进行梳理的基础上,将陆地表层系统分类总结为探索—发展—完善3个发展阶段。继而,对比了各分类体系内涵,提出各分类体系虽分属不同学派,但均是以陆地表层系统为研究对象,是研究陆地表层系统结构、功能和空间分异的方法论;分析了各分类体系结构的异同,总结了各分类体系在层级、比例尺和要素方面的共同特征。在此基础上,提出构建一套从地块到国家的陆地表层系统分类设想,并对等级体系、分类体系及分类方法集成3个方面进行了展望。

Research progress of land surface system classification:From land type to Earth's critical zone type

The Earth surface system is a giant system with both complexity and openness formed by the interaction of the atmosphere, biosphere, anthroposphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere and lithosphere, and so on, which has spatial-temporal heterogeneity and hierarchy. Taxonomy is not only the fundamental way to recognize the formation and development of a system, but also an important way to clarify the structure, function, evolution, and spatial differentiation characteristics of a complex system. Classification of the land surface system can provide a scientific basis for multiscale geoscience research and natural resource management. The essence of land surface system classification is the division of the space and relationship between its constituent elements at a specific scale, so land use type, ground substrate, and critical zone type can all be considered as land surface system classification schemes. On this basis, we systematically reviewed the research progress of classification methods of the land surface system in China and internationally, and divided the methods into exploration, development, and mature developmental stages. Then, we compared the connotation of each classification system, and proposed that although each classification system belongs to different schools, they take the land surface system as the research object, and are a methodology to study the structure, function, and spatial differentiation of the land surface system. We compared the similarities and differences in the structure of the classification systems, and summarized the common features of these systems in terms of the level, scale, and elements. Finally, we proposed to build a land surface system classification framework from land parcel to country level, and discussed the prospect of hierarchical structure, classification system, and classification method integration.