郑州市城市住宅用地扩展格局与利用强度时空差异研究

城镇化的快速发展带来城市各类土地用地规模、空间格局与利用强度的改变。论文基于互联网爬虫技术获取郑州市城市住宅小区时空数据,以住宅小区面积与容积率为指标,通过标准差椭圆、核密度分析以及局部空间自相关等方法,分析郑州市城市住宅用地扩展的时空特征与集聚变化情况。结果表明：① 随着主导因素的转变,1985—2019年郑州市住宅用地面积增加趋势明显,但2017年之后呈现下降趋势;住宅用地容积率由缓慢增长趋势逐渐转变为快速增长趋势。② 受常住人口总量迁移规律影响,在研究期内郑州市住宅用地重心由西南向东北移动,但仍主要分布在市内五区交界处;受经济重心的斜“N”变化趋势影响,其东西向迁移速度大于南北向迁移速度。③ 随着住宅用地数量的快速增加,城市住宅用地空间溢出效应更加显著,由分散向集聚演变,空间分异程度由局部突出转变为区域平衡为主。④ 街道尺度下住宅用地容积率出现明显的空间自相关性,经济发展区、城市规划商业中心区成为容积率高—高集聚区,而生态涵养区成为容积率低—低集聚区。

Spatial and temporal differences of urban land expansion pattern and utilization intensity in Zhengzhou City

Urban expansion is mainly reflected in the evolution of urban two-dimensional plane morphology and the expansion of three-dimensional urban space. This study was based on the spatial and temporal data of Zhengzhou urban residential quarters obtained by Internet crawler technology. Ellipse of standard deviation, kernal density analysis, and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics and agglomeration changes of residential districts in Zhengzhou City. The results show that: 1) With the change of dominant factors, the increase of residential area in Zhengzhou City in 1985-2019 was obvious, but it showed a downward trend after 2017; the floor area ratio of residential areas in the city has gradually changed from a slow growth trend to a rapid growth trend. 2) In 1985-2019, the gravity of residential quarter center in the city was mainly distributed at the junction of the five districts, affected by the migration of the total resident population, moving from the southwest to the northeast; affected by the N-shaped moving trend of the gravity of economic center, the east-west migration speed was greater than the north-south migration speed. 3) With the rapid increase of the number of residential quarters, the spatial spillover effect of urban residential quarters was significant, from dispersion to agglomeration, and the high degree of spatial differentiation changed from local to regional balanced. 4) There was an obvious spatial autocorrelation of the floor area ratio of the residential quarters at the residential community scale. The ecological conservation areas and the urban planning restricted development areas are the floor area ratio high-high agglomeration area, and the commercial agglomeration areas are the floor area ratio low-low agglomeration area.