一次长寿命超级单体风暴雷达回波特征分析

利用常规气象观测资料、章丘站探空资料及滨州、济南新一代SA天气雷达探测资料，对2016年6月14日发生在山东中部地区一次强降雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明：雷暴发生前大气不稳定能量的明显增加，较强垂直风切变是有利于强对流天气发生的环境条件；长寿命超级单体沿两山之间的谷地运动，地形对雹体发生、发展起到了抬升和维持作用，对单体的移动起到了导向作用；雷暴发生前的垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）跃增对冰雹粒子的形成和增长十分有利；超长的三体散射（TBSS）、深厚而持久的中气旋、高悬的强反射率中心、有界弱回波区以及风暴顶强烈辐散都是大冰雹发生的显著特征。

Analysis of radar echo characteristics of a long-life super monomer storm

In this paper, a sever hail event happened in central Shandong province on June 14, 2016 was analyzed based on the conventional observations, sounding data of Zhangqiu station and new generation SA weather radar detections in Binzhou and Jinan. The results show that: The significant increase of atmospheric unstable energy and the strong vertical wind shear are the favorable environmental conditions for generation of strong convection. The long lived hail monomer moved along the valley between two mountains, which played an important role in air mass uplifting, monomer sustaining, and monomer track leading. The VIL (vertically integrated liquid) leap before the occurrence of thunderstorm is favorable to the formation and growth of hail particles. The long TBSS (three body scatter signature), deep and persistent mesocyclone, overhanging strong reflectivity center, bounded weak echo regions and strong divergence at the top of the storm are significant characteristics of this strong hail event.