微机自控钻进系统的技术分析

微机自控钻进系统是自动化钻井设备的核心,也是钻进技术科研的高级设施。 微机自控钻进系统主要由数据采集系统—计算机（决策系统）—控制执行系统组成对对象的闭环控制回路。这种系统可按人们在软件中规定的各种模式自动完成钻进。并具有自动数据处理、打印绘图、存贮资料及自动报警等一系列丰富而优异的功能。 数据采集系统必须具有既符合钻探需要又满足计算机接口要求的传感器。完成这一系统设计的关键在于恰当设计前放及采样滤波器,以保证良好的信噪比。另外是正确决定采样速率。 计算机决策系统的正确设计关键在于搞清自控钻进基本特性,及控制所遵循的原则和方法。 建立适应各种钻进方法的数学模型,不断丰富钻井数据库的研究,将是这一课题前进的重要领地。在此基础上按优化钻速划分岩层和自控钻进,是这个领域进一步发展的方向之一。 做为自控钻进控制执行系统的设计,主要是研究钻压、转速及泵量的控制方法。

Technical Analysis of a Microcomputer Control Drilling System

Microcomputer control drilling system (MCDS) is the kernel of automaticdrilling equipments and is an advanced facility for the research of drilling processes.The MCDS mainly consists of three subsystems, (1) a data acquisition system(DAS) 5 (2) a computer decision system (CDS); (3) a controlled executionsystem (CES) . All of these form a closed loop control cycle together withdrilling equipments. The MCDS can carry out drilling automatically by means of the control modes which have been assigned by softwares. Other functions of the MCDS include data automatic processing, printing and drafting, data saving and automatic alarming.The DAS must have sensors which should not only meet the drilling requests, but also fit the computer interfaces. Proper amplifier and sampling filters have to be designed to obtain a relatively high SNR. Another problem is to choose a reasonable sampling rate.The key to the design of the CDS lies in making clear the basic characteristics of the MCDS and the principles and modes for controlling drilling equipments.It is an important project to establish drilling data bases and mathematical modes for various drilling methods and conditions. One of the main directions is to use the mathematical modes to divide rock series in the light of optimal penetration rates and the other is to use it to automatic drilling control.The design of the CES mainly concerns with the study of control methods about the regulation of drilling pressure, the RPM and the pump volume.