负坡段加卸载响应比的物理意义及预测效能

根据实验结果，用应变能研究岩石在极值应力后主破裂前（负坡段）加卸载响应比可能出现奇异点或负值的变化特征，并且说明其普遍性．以应变（能）及Ｐ波走时为响应，分别得出加卸载响应比的倒数在岩石破裂孕育过程中的变化形态．结果表明:在逼近主破裂时，加卸载响应比的倒数急剧下降后出现极小值（甚至为负值）．此特征可以看作临近主破裂的标志． 

PHYSICAL MEANING AND PREDICTION EFFICIENCY OF THE LOAD/UNLOAD RESPONSE RATIO OF ROCKS IN THE STRAIN-WEAKENING PHASE BEFORE FAILURE

Rock experiment results indicate that the load/unload response ratio (LURR) of rocks expressed via strain energy may have singular or negative value after the stress in the rock reaches its maximum before rock failure or when the rock goes into the strain-weakening phase. The universality of this phenomena is discussed. Expressed via strain or strain energy and the travel time of P wave, the variation form of the reciprocal of LURR during the process of rock failure preparation is derived. The results show that after a sharp decrease the reciprocal of LURR reaches its minimum when the main fracture of the rock is about to appear. This feature can be taken as an indication that the rock main fracture is impending.