传统村落人居环境转型的系统特征、研究趋势与框架

传统村落作为中国乡村转型发展研究的重要载体之一,其人居环境是村落自然环境选址、空间功能表达、社会文化建构的综合体现,也是传统农耕文明的活态表现。论文通过界定传统村落概念、梳理传统村落人居环境内涵与系统构成、明晰传统村落人居环境转型特征与表现,从系统角度构建传统村落人居环境转型发展的研究范式。结果表明：① 传统村落人居环境转型发展研究可从转型内涵界定、转型系统构成与表现、转型阶段划分与空间分异、转型发展路径与模式等方面展开。② 传统村落人居环境包含主体、空间、功能3个维度,自然生态、社会文化、产业经济、地域空间、多元主体5大子系统,其各子系统转型互为依存又各有侧重,需分类施策。③ 自然生态、地域空间系统是传统村落人居环境转型传统研究范式,属于对“原生物质空间”的研究;社会文化、多元主体、产业经济系统为新近研究范式,属于对“建构性物质空间”的研究;基于问题、目标、需求导向,从系统角度综合研究转型发展则是未来人居环境研究的新趋势。

System characteristics,research trends and framework of human settlement transformation in traditional villages

As one of the key research aspects of rural transformation and development in China, human settlement in traditional villages comprehensively demonstrates the choice of settlement locations, spatial functionalities, and reconstruction of social-cultural connections. It also actively demonstrates the innovation of traditional agricultural societies. This study defined the concept of traditional villages, explored the conceptual definition of human settlements in traditional villages, analyzed their connotation and system composition, clarified their characteristics and manifestations, and offered an example of the systematic approach to the traditional village human settlement transformation and development. The results show that: 1) The research on the transformation and development of traditional village human settlements can be approached from the following aspects: connotative of the transformation, system composition and performance of the transformation, division and spatial differentiation of the transformation stages, and path and mode of the transformation and development. 2) Human settlements of traditional villages include three dimensions (subject, space, and function dimensions) and five subsystems (natural ecological, social-cultural, industrial economic, regional spatial, and multiple subject subsystems). The transformations of the subsystems are interdependent and have their own focus, and need to be categorized and implemented differently. 3) Natural ecological and regional spatial subsystems are the conventional focus of research on human settlement transformation in traditional villages, which belongs to the research of original material space. The study of social cultural, multiple subject, and industrial economic subsystems is the innovative research focus and belongs to the constructive material space. Based on the problems, goals, and demand orientation, comprehensive study of transformation development from the system perspective is the new trend of future human settlement research.