中国沿海港口物流网络空间结构演化及其影响因素

基于沿海港口物流企业数据，运用世界城市网络分析、社会网络理论分析、QAP分析等研究方法，以2009、2014、2019年为时间节点，分析近10年来中国沿海港口物流网络空间结构演化及其影响因素。研究表明：1）2009—2019年，中国沿海港口物流网络空间规模与联系强度均显著增强，但网络整体联系仍处于弱联结状态。2）网络联系空间保持核心—边缘结构，其中上海稳定保持核心联系城市，辐射天津、大连、青岛、宁波、厦门、深圳构成核心网络；而边缘城市主要通过连接核心城市加入网络，且边缘城市间互动性较弱。3）沿海港口物流网络层级结构明显，依据网络中城市地位差异，呈现核心—次核心—一般—边缘4级圈层网状联系结构，且圈层间联系强度随圈层等级降低而逐渐减弱。其中，核心圈层由单核心（上海）向双核心（上海、宁波）发展。4）沿海港口物流市场规模、港口基础设施、城市经济发展水平、对外贸易环境、港口物流企业总部规模的差异化发展对沿海港口物流网络发展具正向作用，而信息基础水平差异化发展对港口物流网络发展具有反向作用。

Evolution of the Spatial Structure of Coastal Port Logistics Network and Its Influencing Factors in China

As the connection point between sea and land, coastal ports are constantly extending and innovating logistical operations, which paves the way for rapid development of the coastal port logistics industry. In recent years, with increasing economic globalization and the development of production and trade networks in various countries, integrated logistics services have steadily replaced the conventional loading and unloading services provided by ports. These services now play a significant part in the worldwide network of cargo commerce. The primary function of port logistics firms, as a significant provider of port logistics activities, is the cross-regional organization of these activities. The earliest version of the port logistics network may be seen in the concentration of port logistics businesses inside the city and their dispersion between cities. Nevertheless, there is still a dearth of studies on the coastal port logistics organization network. At the same time, there is notable variation in the infrastructure of coastal ports and coastal cities' economic development, with fierce competition between domestic and provincial ports. To evaluate the evolution of the geographical features of China's port logistics network from 2009 to 2019, this paper utilizes world city network analysis and social network theory analysis, using the years 2009, 2014, and 2019 as time nodes. This paper aims to serve as a guide for improving the physical architecture and network design of Chinese coastal port logistics, to further advance the effective arrangement and configuration of social resources in the port logistics sector, and to offer a more favorable environment for the sector's development. The findings indicate that: 1) from 2009 to 2019, China's coastal ports' logistics network structures tended to mature. The network's geographic area was increased with the installation of additional city nodes, which also reduced the typical distance between cities and enhanced connectivity. However, from the perspective of network development as a whole, the overall network density was low, and the majority of cities still experienced weak connections. 2) The network connection space upholds the core-edge structure, in which Tianjin, Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Xiamen radiate from Shanghai to form the core network, whereas the marginal cities primarily join the network by connecting to the core city, and the interaction between the marginal cities is weak. 3) The coastal port logistics network's hierarchical structure is clear. The core-subcore-general-edge four-level circle layer structure is presented in accordance with the different urban statuses in the network and the intensity of inter-circle connection steadily declines with the drop in circle level. 4) Balanced development of information basis level has a negative impact on the development of the port logistics network. However, differentiated development of coastal port logistics market scale, port infrastructure, urban economic development level, and headquarters scale of port logistics enterprises has a positive impact on development.