典型拐入地河北省拐卖犯罪的多维特征与形成机制

基于中国裁判文书网和线上访谈数据，综合运用数理统计、空间分析、案例分析等方法，聚焦拐卖犯罪人，解析河北省拐卖犯罪的多维特征与形成机制。研究发现：1）拐卖犯罪人男性多于女性，犯案年龄以30~45岁为最；犯罪人的受教育水平较低，小学和初中学历占比过半；拐卖妇女、儿童的作案人占总犯罪人的79.8%；67.5%的犯罪人受到监禁矫正，获刑10年以上的仅占7.2%。2）河北省拐卖犯罪发生时间的年际变化呈“倒勺状”，分为增长期、波动期和减少期3个时期；案件审理时间则表现为“单峰型”，峰值出现在2014年。3）拐卖犯罪人在全国范围内形成“两热一冷”的空间格局，集中分布在冀南地区和滇桂交界；受害人分布更加集中，被拐儿童集中在冀南地区，被拐妇女则集中在冀北地区；河北省已形成邯郸市与“衡水—邢台—石家庄”内流、“冀南—鲁西”拐出、“川滇桂黔—冀南”国内拐入与“朝鲜—冀北”跨国拐入等主要犯罪路径。4）河北省拐卖犯罪的发生受地理区位、经济发展、传统观念、教育水平、政策制度等多方面因素的影响。并且，由于河北省内部地理位置和经济发展水平的差异，南北不同地区拐卖犯罪的形成也存在一定差异。不同地理区位下差异化的自然社会经济条件，在推拉相互作用下，形成河北省模式化的拐卖犯罪路径与独特拐卖犯罪地域网络。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Typical Demand-Front Places in Trafficking Crime: An Empirical Analysis of Offenders

Trafficking crime has a long history, violating personal safety and disrupting social order. At present, most relevant studies focus on the places that supply victims of trafficking. Research on the places that create demand is insufficient. As a typical site of trafficking, Hebei Province has a relatively mature "buyers' market". Based on the China Judgment Documents and online interview data, this study focuses on trafficking criminals and analyzes the multidimensional characteristics and formation mechanism of trafficking in Hebei Province, using mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, case analysis and other methods. The findings are: 1) The proportion of male and female trafficking crime offenders is unbalanced and ranges from 30 to 45 years of age. These offenders have a low level of education, with more than half having no more than a primary- or junior-high-school education. The crime of trafficking in women and children accounts for 79.8% of all trafficking crimes; 67.5% of offenders have been imprisoned for correction, and 7.2% have been sentenced to more than 10 years. 2) The interannual change in the occurrence of trafficking crimes in Hebei Province presents an "inverted-spoon shape," which can be divided into three periods: increase, fluctuation, and decrease. Case trial times show a "single peak" in 2014. The average time interval between the occurrence of a trafficking crime and the trial is about 3 years. Between 2011 and 2020, about 23 cases of abduction and trafficking were tried each year on average. 3) Trafficking offenders in Hebei Province have formed a spatial pattern of "two hots and one cold" as they are concentrated in the southern Hebei region and on the border of Yunnan and Guangxi. The victims are also concentrated; trafficked children are concentrated in Southern Hebei, while trafficked women are concentrated in northern Hebei. In addition, major criminal paths have formed, such as internal flow in Handan City, Hengshui-Xingtai-Shijiazhuang, Southern Hebei-Western Shandong, Sichuan-Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou region. Finally, from the perspective of a multi-dimensional integration analysis, the present study finds that trafficking crimes in Hebei Province are formed in part by "push-pull" interactions. Differences in the natural, social, economic, and cultural elements in different regions provide the basic conditions for trafficking crimes to form, creating a "push-pull" effect on the populations between regions, and promoting the occurrence of abduction and trafficking crimes. At the same time, a special regional network of kidnapping crimes has developed, based on differences in the natural, social, economic, and cultural conditions in various regions within Hebei Province.