“本地和非本地”的北京企业联系：时空格局与影响因素

区域的中心—腹地关系一直是区域与城市发展领域关注的经典内容。全球化和信息化的推进产生了“流空间”和“中心流理论”,为现代城市间关系的研究提供了理论支撑,企业联系流反映的城市间关系受到学者的广泛关注,但多数研究聚焦在“整体空间”的城市网络特征表述,少有从特定问题出发,在更广阔的“非本地”范围研究中心城市与腹地的关系。论文基于1990—2018年县域尺度的企业流数据,研究北京与河北(本地)和京津冀区域外(非本地)的企业联系的时空格局和影响因素,从企业联系视角为北京与河北的经济落差提供解释,主要结论如下： ① 1990—2018年北京的本地性企业联系较弱,企业联系较强的县市主要集中在非本地,尤其是长三角等地区,非本地联系是北京企业联系的主要形式。从投资金额来看,北京与本地联系最强的行业为制造业,与非本地(主要是长三角)联系最强的行业为租赁和商务服务业;从建立分支数来看,北京与本地和非本地联系最强的行业都为金融业。② 北京的本地企业联系主要受本地的经营环境(金融环境、政府干预、政策环境)和区位条件(地理邻近)的影响,非本地企业联系主要受关键资源(政治资源、科技投入)、经营环境(经济开放)和市场潜力(消费水平)的影响。河北综合承载力较弱、与首都产业链不协调和不匹配等问题给北京与之建立本地联系上带来了一定的阻力,使北京倾向于与具有更优越市场潜力和经营环境的城市建立跨区域的非本地联系。

“Local and nonlocal” enterprise linkages of Beijing: Spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors

The relationship between regional centers and hinterland has always been a classic content in the research of regional and urban development. The process of globalization and informatization yielded "space of flows" and "central flow theory", and provided theoretical supports for the research on urban relationships. Inter-city relationships reflected by enterprise linkage flows have been widely explored by scholars, but most studies focused on urban networks of the "whole space". They rarely focused on specific issues and placed the central city in a larger regional scope. Based on firm data at the county level from 1990 to 2018, this study examined the spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of local and nonlocal enterprise linkages of Beijing with the hinterland and external regions to provide an explanation for the economic gap between Beijing and its hinterland—Hebei Province—from the perspective of enterprise linkages. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) From 1990 to 2018, local enterprise linkages of Beijing were weak. Counties with strong enterprise linkages were mainly concentrated in nonlocal areas such as the Yangtze River Delta. Nonlocal was the main form of enterprise connections of Beijing. In terms of investment, Beijing had the strongest local connections in manufacturing industry, and the strongest nonlocal connections (mainly with the Yangtze River Delta) in leasing and business services industry. In terms of branches, Beijing had both the strongest local and nonlocal connections in financial industry. 2) Beijing's local enterprise linkages were affected by local financial environment, government intervention, geographical proximity, and policy environment, while its nonlocal linkages were affected by political resources, technology input, economic openness, and consumption level. Among these factors, consumption level and market development had a negative impact on the connections of nonlocal enterprises, while the rest had a positive impact. There was some resistance for Beijing’s firms to establish local ties, which made them more inclined to establish nonlocal connections with regions with superior market potential and business environment.