电子商务专业村空间格局演化及影响因素研究——基于2015—2020年中国淘宝村数据

电子商务专业村是数字经济时代中国农村产业转型升级的新模式。论文基于2015—2020年全国淘宝村空间数据,采用GIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法探求电子商务专业村的空间格局及演化特征,揭示不同影响因素作用机理。结果表明：① 淘宝村总体空间分布格局与中国基本地理格局高度吻合,时空演化呈现由中心向外围逐渐扩散特征;② 淘宝村呈现显著的空间集聚特征,空间集聚强度逐年增强,高强度集聚范围逐年扩大,华北平原传统农区出现高强度淘宝村集聚区;③ 淘宝村呈现显著的空间聚类分异特征,空间聚类区分布相对稳定,高—高(HH)集聚区集中分布在苏南、浙江、福建的泉州、莆田和潮汕揭城市群;④ 各影响因素对淘宝村空间格局演化具有不同的解释强度,产业基础和区位条件是高作用影响因子,政府行为影响力稳步上升,社会经济影响呈“U”型变化态势,三级影响因素中第一产业增加值、农村常住人口的影响程度呈下降趋势。研究结果对推进电子商务专业村发展、深化专业村发展理论、助力乡村振兴具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

Spatial pattern and change of e-commerce specialized villages and influence factors based on the data of Taobao villages in China from 2015 to 2020

E-commerce specialized village is a new mode of transformation and upgrading of rural industry in the era of digital economy. Based on the spatial data of Taobao villages in China from 2015 to 2020, the spatial pattern and change of e-commerce specialized villages were explored by using GIS spatial analysis and geographical detector methods, and the mechanism of impact of different influencing factors was revealed. The results show that: 1) The overall spatial distribution pattern of Taobao villages was highly consistent with the basic geographic pattern of China, and the spatial and temporal change of Taobao villages was characterized by gradual spreading from the center to the periphery. 2) Taobao villages presented significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, with the intensity of spatial agglomeration increasing and range of high-intensity agglomeration expanding year by year. High-intensity Taobao village agglomeration areas appear in the traditional agricultural areas of the North China Plain. 3) The spatial clustering distribution of Taobao villages was relatively stable, and the high-high clusters were concentrated in southern Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Quanzhou and Putian in Fujian Province, and the Yangtz River Delta urban agglomerations. 4) Various influencing factors on the Taobao village spatial pattern change has different explanatory power—industrial foundation and geographic conditions were high impact factors, the influence of government behavior was steadily rising, social and economic influences showed an U-shaped trend of change, and the impact of the added value of the primary industry and the influence degree of the rural residential population in the third level factors were on the decline. The research results have important theoretical significance and practical value for deepening the theory of rural development, promoting the development of e-commerce specialized villages, and facilitating rural revitalization.