基于生态系统空间异质性的美丽中国生态建设分区

落实“山水林田湖草生命共同体”理念，提出美丽中国生态建设优化途径已成为当前亟待解决的关键科学问题和国家生态文明建设的重大需求。因地制宜地做好美丽中国建设的生态区划，提出生态建设分区方案，是实现美丽中国愿景的重要路径。目前，生态区划对于新时期系统性生态建设内涵，以及全球气候和人类活动变化双重背景对生态系统空间异质性影响的考虑不足。本文通过构建“景观美、服务美、安全美”的三位一体美丽中国生态建设分区的理论框架，综合考虑生态系统结构、格局、质量、服务、胁迫等因素的空间异质性，建立美丽中国生态建设分区三级指标体系，以及对生态现状本底和退化程度进行评估的生态建设综合指数和生态退化综合指数。以全国第三级流域为基本单元，基于指标现状特征及生态综合评估结果，通过空间聚类分析将全国划分为5个一级生态建设区和13类22个二级生态建设区，并在二级分区的基础上选择典型区划分出三级生态建设区。分区结果为美丽中国生态建设提供应用支撑。此外，未来生态建设分区的指标构建应当更加注重指标之间的关联性和生态系统功能的多样性，并进一步耦合气候变化和人类活动对生态系统的双重干扰。

Ecological regionalization of "Beautiful China" construction based on spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems

Guided by the conviction that "mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands is a life community", we should optimize the ecological construction of the "Beautiful China" vision. This is a key scientific issue, and as well as an essential resolution to meet the huge demands of the national ecological civilization. Furthermore, it is important to realize the vision of "Beautiful China" via the establishment of ecological regionalization. However, ecological regionalization studies have not considered systematic ecological construction or the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems, which are affected by changes in global climate and human activities. In this study, a holistic "beautiful landscape, beautiful ecosystem services, and beautiful ecological security" theoretical framework of ecological construction regionalization was constructed, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem structure, pattern, quality, services, and pressure; then, we built three grades of ecological construction regionalization indicators, an integrated ecological construction index, and an integrated ecological degradation index for ecosystem status and assessed the ecosystem degradation. Then, spatial cluster analysis based on the national third watershed was performed and the whole country was divided into five first-grade and 22 second-grade ecological construction regions, respectively. Then, we chose one typical region and established the third-grade ecological construction region. These ecological regionalization-associated results can serve as important application supports for the ecological construction of "Beautiful China". Future ecological regionalization should emphasize the correlation between the indicators and the diversity of ecosystem functions and consider coupling the interference from changes in global climate and human activities.