社区分异视角下建成环境对老年人日常休闲行为的影响——以合肥市为例

选取合肥市为案例地，基于问卷调查数据，运用有序Logistic回归模型，探究不同类型社区中建成环境对老年人休闲行为的影响。研究发现：1）不同类型社区中，老年人的休闲活动水平存在显著差异，居住在单位房社区的老年人休闲频率最高，公租房社区最低；大部分老年人休闲活动频率为每周≥3 d，且以散步、跳广场舞、打牌等低强度活动为主。2）在感知建成环境变量中，对社区整体步行环境的感知与单位房社区和商品房社区老年人的日常休闲行为存在正相关；而对社区治安的评价仅对居住在单位房社区的老年人表现出积极影响；居住在公租房社区中的老年人对社区交通便捷度的感知与其日常休闲行为间存在正相关。3）在客观建成环境变量中，土地混合利用度与老年居民日常休闲行为的关系在单位房社区表现为正相关，但在公租房社区呈现负相关；离最近公交站距离越远，商品房和公租房社区老年人的日常休闲行为频率越低；交叉路口的密度对老年人日常休闲行为的负向影响仅表现在单位房社区。4）建成环境对不同休闲频率的老年人表现出差异化影响，单位房社区中，社区治安、社区整体步行环境的满意度和土地混合利用度对中低休闲频率的老年人产生负向影响，对高休闲频率的老年人产生正向影响，而交叉路口密度的作用方向正好相反；商品房社区中，社区整体步行环境的满意度与低休闲频率的老年人呈负向关联，与高休闲频率的老年人呈正向关联，到最近公交车站的距离与二者的关系恰好相反；公租房社区中，低休闲频率的老年人与社区交通便捷度之间呈负相关关系，与土地混合利用度和到最近公交车站的距离呈正相关关系，而中等休闲频率的老年人正好相反，高休闲频率的老年人仅受到社区交通便捷度的积极影响。

Influence of the Built Environment on the Daily Leisure Behavior of Elderly People,from the Community-Differentiation Perspective: A Case Study of Hefei City

The rapid industrialization and urbanization has reshaped the urban built environment. Meanwhile, the declining physical functioning of elderly people makes their daily activities more vulnerable to the built environment. Prior studies have examined the relationship between the built environment and older adults' leisure behavior, setting aside community differences. This paper selects three typical types of communities in Hefei, based on questionnaire-survey data. It uses the ordered logistic-regression model to identify which built-environment elements impact the leisure behavior of elderly people in different types of communities. The study finds that: 1) There are significant differences in the daily leisure-activity levels of elderly people in different types of communities. Under the influence of individual socioeconomic attributes and the built environment, elderly people living in the Danwei community have the highest levels of leisure frequency, while those living in the public rental community have the lowest. 2) Among various perceived built-environment variables, two have a positive impact on the leisure behavior of elderly people in the Danwei community: perceptions of the overall walking environment in the community and community security. In the commercial housing community, the leisure frequency of elderly people relates only to perceptions of the overall walking environment of the community. There is a positive correlation between perceptions of transportation convenience and the daily leisure behavior of elderly people living in the public rental community. 3) Among various objective built-environment variables, the relationship between the degree of mixed land use and daily leisure behavior of elderly people is positive in the Danwei community, but negative in public rental communities. In commercial housing and public rental communities, the longer the distance from the nearest bus station, the lower the frequency of daily leisure behaviors among elderly people; only in unit housing communities does intersection density have a negative impact. Considering these differences, targeted measures should be taken to improve community environments and increase leisure activity levels among elderly people: 1) In the Danwei community, we should focus on security and traffic conditions inside the community, adding safety facilities and street and area lights. 2) In the public rental communities, we should increase the density of recreational and sports facilities and the number of leisure venues, while improving accessibility. 3) Although the facilities and equipment in the commercial housing community are relatively complete, there is scope to increase green space and optimize the pedestrian environment in the community.