高级别景区对旅游发展的影响及其空间效应研究

打造高品质旅游集聚地并构建多站点景区游览环线是推进全域旅游发展的重要突破口。论文基于2006—2018年288个城市评选的最高级别景区——“5A”景区的数据,将“5A”景区划分为自然类、人文类、综合类3类,借助ArcGIS、Stata等工具探索了“5A”景区的空间分布特征,并利用动态空间面板模型定量探讨了高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响及其空间效应。研究发现,首先,中国“5A”景区存在“东中集聚、区域失衡、禀赋不一”的空间分布特征,综合类景区数量严重不足。其次,高级别景区能显著推动本城市的旅游发展,并存在显著的空间合作与空间竞争效应。其中,同省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间竞争效应,且主要表现为对同类型景区间的竞争,竞争范围为0~400 km;跨省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间合作效应,且主要表现为不同类型景区间的合作与互补,最优合作范围为200~400 km。最后,对比各省域内部景区空间分布发现,同一省域内城市多以自然类或人文类“5A”景区中的某一类景区为主,即同一省域内部可能存在针对同类景区的同质化竞争问题。研究结论将为旅游资源的空间配置和空间优化提供经验证据。

Influence of high-level scenic spots on tourism development and its spatial effect

Building high-quality tourist clusters and creating multi-site scenic tour routes and loops are important breakthroughs in promoting the development of global tourism. Based on the data of "5A" scenic spots—the highest-level scenic spots—selected from 288 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2018, this study divided these sites into three categories: natural, humanistic, and comprehensive. With the help of ArcGIS and Stata, this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of the "5A" scenic spots and quantitatively analyzed the impact and spatial effects of high-level scenic spots on tourism development of cities by using a dynamic spatial panel model. The study found that: First, "5A" scenic spots distribution showed spatial imbalance, agglomerated mainly in the eastern and central regions. Resource endowments differ great across regions, and the number of comprehensive scenic spots is seriously insufficient. Second, high-level scenic spots can significantly promote the development of tourism in cities, and have significant effects of spatial cooperation and spatial competition. Specifically, high-level scenic spots in adjacent cities of the same province have a spatial competitive effect on the cities' tourism development, and the main competition range is 0-400 km; while high-level scenic spots in adjacent cities across provinces have a spatial cooperation effect on the cities' tourism development, and the optimal cooperation range is 200-400 km. In the meantime, competition mainly occurs between the same type of scenic spots, and cooperation mainly occurs between different types of scenic spots. Finally, comparing the spatial distribution of scenic spots within each province, this study found that the scenic spots in the same province are mainly natural or humanistic "5A" scenic spots, which means that there may be competition between similar scenic spots within the same province due to their homogeneity. The conclusions of this research provide empirical evidence for the spatial allocation and spatial optimization of tourism resources.