景观生态区划的理论研究

景观生态系统由多个层次水平的等级体系所组成， 在不同的时间和空间尺度中， 其结构与 功能具有不同的相互依存关系， 区划的概念有助于整合景观的等级性并厘清复杂性。本研究在景 观生态学格局、过程、功能研究的基础上， 结合综合自然地理区划、生态区划、生态经济区划、农业 区划等相关研究的成果，探讨了景观生态区划应依循的原则、内容及区划等级系统， 指出景观生 态区划不仅强调景观水平方向上的空间异质性， 还必须综合景观单元的过程关联和功能统一性。 同时以生态系统完整性原则为核心制定了开展景观生态区划需遵循的等级性、多尺度性、发生一 致性、格局与功能依存性、功能协调性以及界线完整性等原则。在其指导下， 重点讨论了景观生态 区划过程中涉及的方法论构建、景观生态分析与评价、景观生态区划体系构建等研究内容。最后， 通过比较了景观生态区划与自然区划、生态区划以及经济区划之间的异同，提出了不同尺度下景 观生态区划理论的应用方向。

Pr inciples and Systems of Landscape Ecological Regionalization

Landscape ecological system is composed of ordered horizontal levels. The relationships of landscape structures and functions are distinct in different temporal and spatial scales, and it is useful to integrate hierarchy and components of landscape by regionalization concept. In this paper, the background and concept of the delineation of ecosystems were advanced. The principle of landscape heterogeneity on which the delineation is operated was also addressed. It was pointed out that the change from a framework based on a single natural indicator to another based on the integrated ecosystem approach reflects the progress in the understanding of human-nature reconciliation and the balance between biodiversity conversation and sustainable use of natural resources. On the basis of ecosystem integrity, a framework for the landscape ecological regionalization systems was recommitted, which followed the principles of hierarchy, multi-scale, origin-coherence, interdependence between landscape pattern and function, interaction among landscape functions and integrality of delineation units. Under these principles, the main scientific issues to be discussed were as follows: (1) the theory and system of comprehensive regionalization; (2) the changing processes, patterns and their interactions of the main elements in regional system; (3) the identification of the boundaries between the regional systems; and(4) the construction of the organizational levels of the system. Then, the differences and relationships among the landscape ecological regionalization and the natural regionalization, economical regionalization and the ecological regionalization were given. Finally, the paper assumed the application of landscape ecological regionalization theory in national, regional and watershed levels.