Generation of daylight reference years for two European cities with different climate: Athens,Greece and Bratislava,Slovakia |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;2. Atmospheric Research Team, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece;3. Institute of Construction and Architecture, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 03 Bratislava 45, Slovakia;1. Department of Physics, Fatih University, Buyukcekmece, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey;2. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, 040900 Almaty, Kazakhstan;3. TUBITAK-BILGEM, Information Technologies Institute, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey;1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 353, Beijing 100190, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;3. Shougang Research Institute of Technology, Beijing 100043, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;2. Key Lab of Coherent Light, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China;1. Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;2. Shanghai Toyo Tanso., Ltd., No. 486 Xinfei Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201611, P.R. China;3. Advanced Carbon Technology Center, Toyo Tanso. Co., Ltd. 5-7-12, Takeshima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-0011, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In this work, daylight reference years (DRYs), based on daylight and solar radiation measurements, are designed for two European cities, Athens, Greece and Bratislava, Slovakia, by using the Danish method, the Festa–Ratto technique and the Modified Sandia National Laboratories methodology. The data basis consists of 5-minute values of global and diffuse horizontal illuminance, global and diffuse horizontal irradiance, zenith luminance and solar altitude as well as of daily values of sunshine duration for 5 years for Athens and 8 years for Bratislava. Moreover, Linke's turbidity factor, luminous turbidity factor and relative sunshine duration are calculated and utilized. Then, for each DRY, the predominant sky-luminance distributions over Athens and Bratislava are identified, by using the methodology of Kittler et al., who corresponded the main sky conditions to 15 theoretical sky standards in diagrams of the ratio of zenith luminance to diffuse horizontal illuminance against solar altitude.For both cities the three aforementioned methods do not create identical DRYs. Despite the differences, the sky types defined for each of the two places seem not to depend on the choice of DRY. The predominant sky standard, for all of them, is a cloudless, polluted sky with a broad solar corona for Athens and an overcast sky with slight brightening towards the sun as well as very clear sky with low atmospheric turbidity for Bratislava. However, the selection of the DRY, which represents best the daylight conditions, is necessary for studies in saving energy in buildings. The DRY, which is created by the Modified Sandia National Laboratories method, is chosen for most cases, while the one created by the Danish method is also useful on certain occasions. |
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