社区参与模式下的传统村落旅游空间生产及影响初探

传统村落的旅游开发是推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化的具体形式，也是实施乡村振兴战略的有效路径。虽然原住民在传统村落旅游开发中常常处于弱势地位，但也确有一些社区参与模式下的传统村落旅游开发，较多展现了村民在旅游空间生产中的权力及影响，但这是否就更有利于传统村落旅游资源的有效开发呢？本文主要借鉴空间生产的理论框架，结合对苏州市吴中区东山镇陆巷古村的实地调研，初步探究了社区参与模式下的传统村落旅游开发的特点及可能影响。研究表明，社区参与模式之所以较多体现村民的主导作用，往往是因为外部资本和地方政府的介入较少，这虽然有助于保障参与旅游开发的部分村民的利益，但也容易陷入投资不足、低水平开发的困境，而且受限于村民的文化素质和利益短视倾向，传统村落旅游会遭遇更明显的经济利益与文化保护之间、个人利益与集体利益之间的复杂矛盾，不利于旅游开发的质量和效率提升。这就是说，社区参与模式下的传统村落旅游空间生产未必能有效推动优秀传统文化的创造性转化和乡村振兴，地方政府的科学指导和外部人才、资本、技术等的引入，可能有助于克服由此带来的急功近利倾向。

The production of traditional village tourism space under the mode of community participation and its influence

Tourism development of traditional villages is a specific form to promote the creative transformation of excellent traditional Chinese culture, and also an effective way to implement the strategy of rural revitalization. Although aborigines are often in a disadvantaged position, there are still some traditional village under the mode of community participation, which shows more villagers' power and influence in the production of tourism space. But is this more conducive to the effective development of traditional village tourism resources? Based on the theoretical framework of spatial production and the field work in Luxiang ancient village, Dongshan Town, Suzhou City, this paper preliminarily explores the characteristics and possible influence of traditional village tourism development under the mode of community participation. It shows that the dominant role of villagers is often reflected by the less involvement of external capital and local government. Although this helps to protect the interests of some villagers involved in tourism, it is easy to fall into the predicament of insufficient investment and low-level development, and limited by the cultural quality and short-sighted tendency of villagers, it may face more obvious contradictions between economic interests and cultural protection, between individual interests and collective interests, which are not conducive to the improvement of the quality of tourism. That is to say, the tourism space production under the mode of community participation may not effectively promote the creative transformation of excellent traditional culture and rural revitalization. The scientific guidance of local governments and the introduction of external talents, capitals and technologies may help overcome the tendency of quick success and instant benefit.