黑河中游农村居民节水意识对节水行为的影响路径——基于结构方程模型与计划行为理论的研究

提高居民节水意识有助于推动居民节水行为，但由于意识难以客观测量，意识对行为的影响机理难以刻画，定量评估其影响路径的研究仍有待加强。基于计划行为理论，构建节水意识对节水行为的影响机制并设定相应的观测指标，设计问卷调查了黑河流域中游地区张掖市526户农村居民家庭，运用结构方程模型定量分析其影响路径。结果显示，节水态度、节水预期、行为控制、主观规范对节水行为的标准化路径系数分别为0.003、0.122、0.140、0.161，其中属于行为控制的自身经验与节水障碍预期、属于主观规范的管理部门信任度与邻里感知均对节水行为有显著的正向影响。虽然节水态度维度中，对水资源价值、保护环境和节约用水的因子载荷分别达到0.74、0.67、0.70，表明农村居民对水资源的生态、社会价值认同度很高，但向节水行为的转化过程中仍受经济效益预期的支配。提出了通过奖惩正式制度与邻里乡约非正式制度结合，以及高效节水产业政策引导，促进居民节水意识向节水行为的高效转化。

The influence path of water saving consciousness of rural residents on water saving behavior in the middle reaches of the Heihe River: Based on structural equation model and planned behavior theory

Based on the theory of planned behavior,in this paper,using the questionnaire survey statistics of 526 rural residents in Zhangye Prefecture,a structural equation model was established to analyze the influencing path of water-saving awareness on water-saving Behavior. The results show that:the standardized path coefficients of water saving attitude,water saving expectation,behavior control and subjective norms for water saving behavior are 0.003,0.122,0.140 and 0.161,respectively. Among them,the self-experience and the expectation of water-saving obstacles belong to behavior control,the trust degree of the management department and the neighborhood perception belong to subjective norm,which have a significant positive impact on water-saving behavior. In the dimension of water-saving attitude,the factor loads of water resource value,environmental protection and water conservation reach 0.74,0.67 and 0.70,respectively,indicating that rural residents have a high degree of recognition of the ecological and social value of water resources,the transformation to water-saving behavior is still dominated by the expectation of economic benefits. In this paper,proposes are put forward to promote the efficient transformation of residents' water-saving consciousness to water-saving behavior through the combination of formal reward and punishment system and informal system of neighborhood and township covenant,as well as the guidance of efficient water-saving industrial policy.