1970-2015年大别山区生态服务价值尺度响应特征及地理探测机制

生态系统服务功能对于区域生态平衡、生态系统健康、国土生态安全及全球气候变化等方面具有重要作用,生态服务价值的尺度效应及空间分异机制问题值得探讨。以大别山区为研究对象,基于土地利用分类等数据,应用空间统计、热点分析和地理探测器等方法探讨1970-2015年大别山区生态服务价值动态演变、尺度响应特征及生态服务价值的空间分异机制。结果表明：① 1970-2015年,大别山区生态服务价值整体上升9.51亿元,但2010-2015年下降3.95亿元,占总增加值的41.54%,下降热点区主要位于大别山边界处（湖北省境内）及核心区东北部（安徽省境内）;② 4种类型9级幅度的尺度对比分析表明,乡镇单元尺度是大别山区生态服务价值空间分异的特征尺度,其生态服务价值空间差异信息量丰富;③ 地理探测机制表明,16个影响因子中的生态用地占比、土地利用程度和人为影响综合指数对生态服务价值空间分异的解释力q值近40%,是导致空间分异的主要原因;高程和坡度因子q值近30%,为次要影响因素。交互探测q值达50%以上的交互组合主要有三大类30种,自然因子和人为干扰因子、景观格局因子交互协同作用增强了对生态服务价值空间分异的解释力。研究结果可为大别山区生态系统服务功能的精准、多元化调控提供一定的理论依据。

Scale response characteristics and geographic exploration mechanism of spatial differentiation of ecosystem service values in Dabie Mountain area,central China from 1970 to 2015

Ecosystem services play an important role in regional ecological balance, ecosystem health, land and ecological security, and global climate change. The response characteristics of scale and the spatial differentiation mechanism of the ecological service value are worth discussing. Taking the Dabie Mountain area located in central China as the research object, based on the data of land use classification, this paper applied the methods of spatial statistics, hot spot analysis and geographical detector to examine the dynamic evolution characteristics, scale effect and spatial differentiation mechanism of the ecological service value of Dabie Mountain area from 1970 to 2015. The results show that over the 50 years, the overall value of ecological services in the Dabie Mountain area increased by 951 million yuan, while in recent years it decreased by 395 million yuan, accounting for 41.54% of the total value added. Scale is helpful for understanding the pattern and process of ecosystem. To strengthen the study of scale characteristics in the evaluation of ecosystem service function can improve the objectivity, credibility and practicability of the evaluation results. Therefore, in this paper, we made a comparative analysis through the scale of four types, which includes 9-level amplitude. The results show that the unit scale of township is the characteristic scale of the spatial differentiation of ecological service value in Dabie Mountain area, and the spatial difference information of the ecological service value at the township unit scale is rich, and the type of township unit scale is a more appropriate research scale level in the study area. To strengthen the geographical exploration of the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value will be helpful to carry out regional ecological planning and ecosystem regulation. In this study, we analyzed the spatial differentiation mechanism of ecosystem service value in Dabie Mountain area by using the geographical detector. The results show that the explanatory power q value of the ecological land use proportion, land use degree and human influence composite index among the 16 influencing factors contributing to the spatial differentiation of ecological service value is nearly 40%, which is the main reason for the spatial differentiation. Elevation and slope factor q value is nearly 30%, which is a secondary factor. There are mainly three categories and 30 types of interaction combinations with an interactive detection q value of more than 50%. The interaction and synergistic effects of natural factors, human disturbance factors and landscape pattern factors enhance the explanatory power of spatial differentiation of ecological service value. Our work may provide a theoretical basis for the precise and diversified regulation of ecosystem functions in Dabie Mountain area.