中国地区价格指数测度与空间分异

地区价格指数是不同地区购买一篮子相同商品和服务的价格之比,表征同一时期、不同地区的物价综合水平。借鉴购买力平价理论,构建适用于中国地区价格指数测算的指标体系和计算方法,测度了100个典型城市的地区价格指数并进行差异分析。研究结果表明：不同地区商品和服务的价格差异显著,地区价格指数界于0.849~1.662之间,最高值为最低值的1.95倍;住房价格的地区差异最大,教育、医疗次之,是影响居民实际生活水平的三大主要因素;食品、交通、教育和医疗价格的空间集聚程度较高,通信、住房、文娱价格的空间集聚程度较低;地区价格指数在全国呈“东高西低、南高北低”的空间分异格局,东南沿海地区物价水平较高、黄河中游地区物价水平较低。通过对地区价格指数的研究,能够为关注民生时代的区域协调发展政策制定提供科学依据。

Measurement and spatial disparities of regional Purchasing Power Parity in China

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters into a new era, the security and improvement of people's livelihood have become the focal point of social development, which makes the research on residents' living standard a heated topic in the field of the regional disparities. It is widely acknowledged that the income and commodity price are the two important factors that affect the residents' living standard. Usually, the nominal indices are adopted to study the regional disparities. In that case, the residents' living standard might be overestimated or underestimated due to the difference of price levels in different regions. Regional price index (or regional PPP) is consequently used as a spatial index that represents the comprehensive price level from a basket of the same products or services of different regions, which can be used to compare different price levels among different regions. It can eliminate the impacts of the price disparity and enable the nominal income to reflect the real living standard just as the real income does. This study constructs a framework to measure the different regional price levels in China, which includes a basket of products and a set of calculation methods. Derived from the theory of Purchasing Power Parity, the methods have been applied to estimate the price level among 100 typical cities.