大城市郊区乡村转型与重构的典型模式分析——以天津东丽区华明镇为例

城市和乡村是连续统一体,乡村地域系统在城市化和工业化的带动下不断发生着转型与重构。探索乡村转型发展路径,总结成功经验模式,对促进乡村可持续发展乃至实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。城市郊区地处城乡交错带,相比农村腹地,乡村转型具有独特优势。本研究以华明镇为例,详细阐述了以城镇化整理路径实现乡村转型发展的典型模式。研究发现,华明镇乡村转型以“三整合”为标志,通过实施宅基地换房,建设现代农业产业园和工业园区,改革集体经济,创新金融服务,整合社区服务组织,实现了生产要素的优化配置,促进了村庄“人-地-业”协调发展。但是,以城镇化整理为主导的乡村转型模式,会造成传统乡村聚落的消失,需要强大的财政支持与政策体系支撑,仅适应于非农化水平较高的乡村地区,应审慎对待,不能盲目推进。

Typical model of rural transformation and restructure in suburban areas: A case study of Huaming Township in Dongli District,Tianjin City

Rural and urban areas are continuous space. Under the influence of urbanization and industrialization, rural areas have been experiencing constant transformation and restructuring. It is important to understand what kind of transition has happened in rural areas and how the rural areas have been changed. Consequently, we need to explore the process of rural transformation and summarize some typical models. In this way, we can provide some successful experience to promote rural transformation and revitalization. Suburban areas are located in the fringe of city and countryside, where the urbanization and rurality are intersected with each other. Compared with the rural hinterland, suburban areas have more advantages to realize rural transformation due to its special position. In order to figure out the process of rural transformation in suburban areas, we take a case study of Huaming Township to clarify its development path to realize urban-rural integration. Our research shows that the rural transformation of Huaming Township could be summarized as “Three Integration Models”, including space restructuring, industrial restructuring and organization restructuring. Firstly, the government purchased the rural construction land and implemented land reclamation, and local villagers moved into relocated buildings with decent compensation. Then the agricultural park and industrial park were constructed to develop facility agriculture and equipment manufacturing industry. In addition, some innovations occurred in the economic sector. For example, the rural collective economy was transformed into stocking system economy, villagers assembled their spare capital and initiated a village bank, so that farmers can acquire more profits and earn more money. The industrial park also abandoned some traditional dirty industry and introduced some advanced environmental industry in order to promote the local industrial structure. As for the social management, the government reformed the household registration system and grassroots organizations, transforming village committee into neighborhood committee and providing the same social insurance for villagers as citizens. Furthermore, the township integrated all law enforcement agencies into one team, so villagers can enjoy more convenient public service. With the adjustment of economic structure and relocation of rural space, Huaming Township has achieved coordinated development. However, this kind of development path like Huaming Township resulted in disappearance of traditional rural settlements, and it also needs strong financial and political foundation. Therefore, the Huaming model is only appropriate for those villages where residents are more inclined to nonagricultural employment and urban lifestyle.