地区间基因差异会影响技术转移吗?——基于中国2001—2005年省际专利转让数据

技术转移是促进区域协调发展和创新资源高效配置的重要手段。专利转让是中国技术转移交易市场的主要部分,其背后的机制还没有得到充分解释。论文利用已有的遗传距离测算方法和广受认可的汉族人口基因数据,尝试从基因差异的角度探索跨地区专利转让的机制。通过挖掘国家知识产权局专利检索平台的专利转让数据,并结合其他经济地理数据,对遗传距离是否会影响省际间专利转让进行计量考察。借鉴“同性相斥异性相吸”的理论,从技术市场竞争角度建构了研究模型。通过2001—2005年省级面板数据进行计量回归检验,结果发现,遗传距离越远,反而更容易发生跨地区专利转让。在平均水平上,2个地区间基因差异每扩大1个标准差,专利转让数就会提高9.8%。结果经过了若干稳健性检验,并对其中的空间差异性作了分析。研究揭示了基因多样性对于人类社会的意义,并启示现实政策应该放宽迁徙和落户限制,鼓励跨地区的交流与融合。

Does genetic difference influence inter-region technology transfer?Evidence from China’s provincial-level patent transfer data of 2001-2005

Technology transfer is an important means to promote coordinated regional development and efficient allocation of innovative resources. Patent transfer is a major part of China's technology transfer trading market, but the mechanism behind it has not been fully explained. By using the existing genetic distance estimation method and the widely recognized Han population genetic data, this study explored the mechanism of cross-regional patent transfer from the perspective of genetic differences. By mining the patent transfer data of the Patent Search Platform of the State Intellectual Property Office and combining with other economic geographic data, we conducted a quantitative research on whether genetic distance has affected inter-provincial patent transfer. Considering the principle of "same-sex repelling and opposite-sex attracting," a model was constructed from the perspective of technical competition. Results of the regression analyses of the panel data show that the farther the genetic distance is, the more likely it is to have inter-regional patent transfers. In general, for one-standard-deviation rise of genetic differences between two provinces, the number of patent transfers between them increased by 9.8%. The results have undergone several robustness tests and the spatial differences also have been considered. This study highlights the importance of genetic diversity for human society, and suggests that policies should relax migration and settlement restrictions and encourage inter-regional exchanges and integration.