长江经济带形成演变的地理基础

长江经济带从提出到上升为国家级重大区域发展战略,有着大河流域经济带形成的客观存在性与历史必然性。大河流域经济带往往都经历了“逐水而居的居住地—资源轴带(农牧业、矿业、水能)—交通轴带—工业产业带—城市密集轴带”的发展演变历程,其空间发展表现为“增长点”至“增长轴”,进而向“经济带”的转变,这种流域经济带的地理形态变化,蕴含着作为流域这一特殊而基本地理单元区域发展与空间演变的规律。由点至轴到带的空间演变,也推动着流域经济带由小规模到大规模,由低水平向高水平,空间上由点到面的演变过程。该演变不仅存在资源与区位等优势驱动,更有着生态环境承载力等的刚性约束,深刻反映出经济带发展中的地理环境载体的重要性。对长江经济带形成演变科学内涵与地理基础展开探讨,以期为新时期大河流域经济带绿色高质量发展提供借鉴。

Formation and change of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from a geographical perspective

The Yangtze River Economic Belt has been promoted to Chinese national major regional development strategy largely as a natural result of the formation of large river basin economic belt. Large river basin economic belts tend to experience the development process of localized settlements-resources belt (farming and animal husbandry, mining, hydro energy)-traffic belt-industrial belt-dense urban belt, whose spatial development is characterized by growth poles, growth axis, and then economic belt. This change in spatial pattern of large river economic belt reflects the regional development and spatial change of river basin as a basic and unique geographic unit. The spatial change of development from point, axis, to belt also results in a change of scale from small to large, development level from low to high, and spatial spread from point to region of the large river economic belt. The change is not only driven by the advantages of resources and location, but also restrained by the carrying capacity of the ecological environment. It profoundly reflects the importance of geographical environment in the development of economic belts. Taking the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case, this article discusses the scientific connotation and geographical basis of its formation and change, in order to provide a reference for the development and construction of large river basin economic belts in the new era.