中国县域乡村地域多功能格局及影响因素识别

论文以中国大陆县域为研究单元,构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系,利用熵权法、半变异函数和地理探测器等模型,对2000—2015年中国乡村多功能指数进行综合测评,揭示中国县域乡村地域多功能的空间分异特征,定量识别乡村地域多功能空间分异的影响因素。研究结果表明：① 中国乡村地域多功能在空间上呈现出平原、东部沿海等地区高值集聚,高原、山地等地区低值集聚,各县域乡村地域多功能整体呈现出逐渐提升态势;② 经济发展功能和社会保障功能对乡村地域多功能的贡献率逐渐增大,农业生产功能和生态保育功能对乡村地域多功能的贡献率逐渐减小;③ 2000—2015年,中国大陆范围内县域乡村地域多功能空间自相关范围和强度总体呈现减小的趋势,随机性因子成为乡村地域多功能空间分异的主要驱动力;④ 县域经济整体发展水平和财政收入是影响乡村地域多功能空间分异的主导因素;各影响因素之间的两两交互作用会增强乡村地域多功能的空间分异;社会环境因素对乡村地域多功能空间分异的影响程度逐渐上升,自然环境因素的影响程度逐渐下降。

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of rural multifunctionality at county level in China

To reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural multifunctionality in Chinese county areas and quantitatively identify the influencing factors of spatial differentiation of rural multifunctionality, this study comprehensively evaluated rural multifunctionality at the county level in China from 2000 to 2015 by constructing an evaluation index system, using entropy weight method, semi-variance function, and geodetector method. The main results are as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of rural multifunctionality was uneven. High-value regions of rural multifunctionality were concentrated in the plain areas and the eastern coasts of China. Low-value regions were concentrated on the plateaus and in the mountain regions. Rural multifunctionality presents a gradual upward temporal trend as a whole. 2) The contribution rate of economic development function and social security function to rural multifunctionality gradually increased, and the contribution rate of agricultural production function and ecological conservation function to rural multifunctionality gradually decreased. 3) From 2000 to 2015, the range and intensity of spatial auto-correlation of rural multifunctionality gradually decreased at the county level in China. Random factors became the driving forces of spatial differentiation of rural multifunctionality. 4) Economic development and fiscal revenue of counties were the main factors that affect the spatial differentiation of rural multifunctionality. The interaction of different influencing factors enhanced the spatial differentiation of rural multifunctionality. The degree of influence of social factors was gradually rising and the degree of influence of natural factors was gradually decreasing over time.