流域水环境过程综合模拟研究进展

以流域为单元开展水环境多要素、多尺度过程的综合模拟已成为了自然地理学重要研究方向。水环境过程综合模拟模型可定量解析流域系统水环境变化,是流域水环境研究与管理的重要工具。论文围绕流域水环境过程模拟的发展历程和最新进展,梳理总结了流域非点源污染过程和河湖等受纳水体水环境过程模拟的理论方法和模型软件;面向模拟不确定性问题讨论了模型选择、开发与集成、率定验证等流域水环境过程综合模拟建模的关键环节;结合最新的研究进展及相关学科新方法新技术的发展,建议后续研究关注流域自然和人文多过程综合集成模拟(包括流域系统人与水环境耦合模拟、多过程综合集成模拟)以及新方法新技术应用(包括数据同化理论方法创新与应用、高性能计算技术和人工智能技术)。

A review of integrated water quality modeling for a watershed

Investigating the integrated modeling of water quantity and quality in a watershed has become an important research topic. The integrated modeling of hydrological and biogeochemical processes can quantitatively analyze the change of water cycle and water quality, which is an important means of aquatic environment research and management. By reviewing the development course and recent progress in water quality modeling, we summarized the theoretical methods and corresponding models for catchment-scale non-point source pollution and in-stream (or lake) water quality. The key points in integrated watershed modeling, including model selection, development and integration, and calibration and validation, were discussed in terms of model uncertainty. Finally, we suggested paying more attention to the integrated modeling of natural and human processes in watersheds (including the interaction between human and water environment, hydrological and biogeochemical processes integration) and the application of novel methods (including data assimilation methods, high-performance computation, and artificial intelligence technologies).