明代雹灾的时空特征分析

对我国明代的雹灾史料进行整理和分类，构建了明代雹灾数据库，并根据冰雹的大小和造成的危害程度进行等级划分。利用统计等方法揭示明代雹灾的时间特征和频次规律；通过明代各省区行政区划图展示不同等级雹灾的空间分布特征。结果表明：我国明代共有1 970次雹灾发生，可分为3种不同的等级，其中2级雹灾最多；明代的雹灾具有明显的阶段性和季节性特征，雹灾多集中于明代的中后期且多发于春、夏季节，秋季较少，冬季最少；在空间分布上，明代雹灾多集中于东部，西部少，中部不多，南北少，不同省区雹灾的季节分布也不同。这些研究结论可为雹灾的预测、预防提供历史背景。

Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Hail Disasters in the Ming Dynasty

This paper carries on the arrangement and classification of historical materials on hail disasters during the Ming Dynasty of China, builds a database of hail disasters, and grades the hail disasters according to the size and harm of hail. Firstly, it reveals the regularity of time distribution and frequency of hail in the Ming Dynasty by using the methods of statistics; Secondly, it shows the distribution of different grades of hail disasters on the administrative division map of the Ming Dynasty. The results indicate that: There were 1970 times of hail disasters that occurred in the Ming Dynasty; The hail disasters can be classified into three grades, in which the most was the second grade of hail disasters; Hail disasters in the Ming Dynasty had obvious phased and seasonal characteristics; Hail disasters more happened in the middle and later periods of the Ming Dynasty, more in spring and summer, less in autumn, and the least in winter; The disasters mostly were distributed in the eastern regions, less in the western, not so much in the central, also less in the northern and southern regions; In different provinces the seasonal distribution was different. It is believed that the results could provide a reliable historical background for prediction and prevention of the future hail disasters.