无居民海岛植被恢复过程中物种多样性及土壤特征初步研究

2016年4月对厦门无居民海岛猴屿开展了植被和土壤调查,采用全岛调查的方法查清全岛植物种类及生长状况,采用样方调查的方法分析比较人工恢复林和次生林物种多样性和土壤肥力特征,以期为无居民海岛生态修复提供借鉴.结果表明,全岛共有乔木5科5属6种,灌木有10科12属13种,草本植物有21科39属40种.由于被海包围、面积狭小、地形简单,物种传播速度慢,猴屿生物多样性较低,猴屿人工恢复林物种多样性与次生林差异不显著.人工恢复林土壤肥力显著低于次生林,植物生长及其产生的凋落物可以促进土壤肥力的改善.海岛普遍风大、缺水,植被恢复应选用适应海岛环境能力强的物种.猴屿植被破坏导致生态位缺失,进而造成马缨丹生物入侵,影响海岛生态系统稳定性.

Preliminary study on the characteristics of species diversity and the soil in non-resident island vegetation restoration

The characteristics of species diversity and the soil in non-resident island vegetation restoration on the Monkey Island of Xiamen was investigated based on thevegetation and soil data in April 2016 to provide reference for island ecological restoration. In the study species diversity and soil fertilities between the artificial restored woods and the second growth on the island were compared. The results showed that the plant diversity was low in the Monkey Island due to its small areas and simple seasurrounded terrain. There were 6 trees in 5 genera of 5 families,13 shrubs in 12 genera of 10 families and 40herbs in 39 genera of 2l families on the island. The species diversity was indifference between the restoration forestry and the secondary forestry probably because of the low species diversity. The soil fertility was much lower in therestoration forestry than in the secondary forestry. The growth of vegetation and its litter can increase the soil fertility. Due to the windy and water shortage on the island, the plant species able to adapt to the island environmentshould be selected in vegetation restoration. Lantana ca-mara invasion is severe on the island,where it treats the stability of island ecosystem and should be removed in time.