河西走廊内陆河流域农户地下水使用的影响因素分析

在农业与生态系统用水相矛盾的干旱内陆区，地下水过度开采导致生态环境急剧恶化。以往对地下水的管理，以政府直接控制地下水使用为主，但效果并不十分理想，或管理成本较大。因此，寻求间接调控地下水使用的措施成为更好的选择。以河西走廊的石羊河、黑河和疏勒河流域为例，以农户问卷调查数据为依据，探究影响农户使用地下水的关键因素，以寻求通过制定更有针对性的政策来影响农户节约并高效利用地下水，最终达到农户自下而上自发节水的效果。分析结果发现：农户对地下水的使用在不同阶段有不同的特征，但均强烈地依赖于地表水供给，地表水供给每增加1个轮次，单位公顷耕地地表水用量会增加237.3 m³，相应会减少795.2 m³的地下水，整体上平均减少504.1 m³的总用水量，地下水占灌溉总用水的比例也会下降3.7%。此外，地下水的使用还与家庭经营规模、经营模式、地下水供给条件及经营者偏好等因素密切相关。因此，政府应根据流域内地表水与地下水的综合条件和特点，结合农业生产特征和农户偏好，因地制宜制定政府主导的管理政策与农户自我调节能力有效结合的开发治理制度和方案，切实实现区域水资源节约与高效利用双重目标。

Analysis of factors affecting groundwater use by farmers in inland river basins of Hexi Corridor

In the arid inland areas where exist agriculture and ecosystem water use contradictions, over-exploitation of groundwater has led to a sharp deterioration of ecological environment. In the past, the management of groundwater was mainly based on the direct control of groundwater use by local government, but the effect was not very ideal or the management cost was very high. Therefore, it is a better choice to seek indirect measures to regulate the use of groundwater. Taking the Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River basins in the Hexi Corridor as examples, the key factors affecting the use of groundwater by farmers based on the survey data of farmers has been explored in this paper, in order to seek more targeted policies to affect farmers' conservation and efficient use of groundwater, ultimately reaching the water saving effect. It is found that farmers’ using groundwater at different stages have different characteristics, but are strongly dependent on surfacewater supply; surfacewater supply increases a round for a unit of hectares of arable land, surfacewater consumption increases 237.3 m³, corresponding will reduce 795.2 m³ of groundwater, as a whole, 504.1 m³ of total water use will be reduced, the proportion of groundwater to total irrigation water will decrease by 3.7%. In addition, the use of groundwater is closely related to the following factors such as family business scale, business model, groundwater supply conditions and farmer’s preferences. Therefore, according to the comprehensive conditions and characteristics of surfacewater and groundwater resources in the basin, the government should formulate a development and governance system and a program that effectively combine government-led management policies with farmers' self-regulation capabilities, realizing the dual goals of regional water resources conservation and efficient utilization.