石羊河流域冰川变化与地形因子的关系探究

以甘肃省石羊河流域为研究区，运用GIS和RS技术结合人工目视解译，提取了1995年、2002年、2009年、2015年、2016年5期遥感影像冰川边界信息。结合DEM数据提取了坡度、朝向、海拔三个地形因子。基于相关性分析与地理探测器的方法，对冰川变化与地形因子进行了相关分析，并研究了冰川变化与地形因子之间的空间关系。结果表明：（1）该地区冰川年均面积变化率由1973-1995年的-1.27%·a^-1变为2015-2016年的-2.87%·a^-1，消融速度加快，面积小于0.1 km²的小冰川消融显著；（2）石羊河流域冰川分布主要的朝向是N、NE、NW，朝向与冰川变化具有一定相关性，南坡退缩较快；（3）坡度与冰川变化呈异向相关，海拔高度控制着冰川的消融速度，低海拔冰川的退缩幅度更大；（4）地形因子对冰川变化空间分异的影响显著不同，海拔是冰川变化空间分异最重要的控制因素，其次是朝向，最后是坡度。

Study on the relationship between glacier change and topographic factors in the Shiyang River basin

Taking the Shiyang River basin of Gansu Province as the research area, using GIS and RS technologies combined with manual visual interpretation, the glacier boundary remote sensing images were extracted of 1995, 2002, 2009, 2015 and 2016. Three terrain factors, i.e., slope, orientation and elevation, are extracted, in combine with DEM data. Based on correlation analysis and GeoDetector, the correlation between glacier change and topographic factor was analyzed, and the spatial relationship between glacier change and topographic factors was studied. The results show that:(1) the annual average area change rate of glaciers in the region had changed from -1.27%·a^-1 in 1973-1995 to -2.87%·a^-1 in 2015-2016; the ablation rate had accelerated, and the small glaciers with an area less than 0.1 km² had retreated significantly; (2) the main orientations of glacial distribution in the Basin were N, NE and NW, which had a certain correlation with the change of the glaciers; but those on the south slopes had retreated faster; (3) the slope had related to the change of glacier, so did the altitude, which had controlled the ablation rate of glaciers; the lower the altitude, the fast the glacier retreating; (4) the influence of topographic factors on spatial differentiation of glacial changes was significantly different; altitude was the most control factor for spatial differentiation of glacial changes, followed by orientation and then by slope.