面向乡村振兴的农村居民点用地结构转型研究

农村居民点作为乡村地域功能的空间反映,其内部用地功能结构随着经济社会发展发生剧烈变动,“转型”正成为当前中国农村居民点用地结构发展的主要特征。本文以乡村振兴战略需求为切入点,在阐明农村居民点用地结构转型内涵的基础上,依据“过程-类型-机制-优化”的研究思路系统剖析农村居民点用地结构转型规律,将农村居民点用地结构转型研究与乡村振兴战略需求相结合。研究认为,基于农村居民点内部典型地类间组合关系的演变过程,其转型可划分为外向非农化、内生乡村化和空心衰败化三种类型。城镇化、乡村工业化和以乡村振兴战略为主的农业农村现代化通过改变城乡间人口、土地、资本和技术等要素流动和资源配置效率进而影响着居民点转型的方向和结果;同时,合理、有序的农村居民点用地结构也可为乡村振兴的具体实施提供空间基础。未来应以乡村振兴战略需求为导向,从类型转换、效率提升和制度保障等角度优化居民点用地结构转型,以期在理论上创新和完善农村居民点用地转型与优化的研究范式,实践上为村庄规划和乡村振兴提供科技支撑。

Research on land use structure transition of rural settlements facing the rural vitalization

The rural settlement is considered as the spatial reflection of rural geographical functions, and its internal land use function and structure always change with the socio-economic development. “Transition” has been the major characteristics of the land use structure of rural settlements in China. Based on the rural vitalization strategy, this paper tries to firstly clarify the definition of land use structure of rural settlements, and then explore the transition laws of land use structure of rural settlements by following the research framework “process-types-mechanism-optimization”. This paper has combined the research of rural settlement transition and the changing times. The results show that (1) by analyzing the changing process of composite relationship between typical land-use types within rural settlements, the land use structure transitions can be divided into three types, i.e., external non-agricultural type, internal rurality type, and hollow declining type; (2) urbanization, rural industrialization, and rural modernization proposed by rural vitalization strategy can be regarded as the pull and push forces for this transition by changing the population, land, capital and technology elements flow and efficiency of resource allocation between urban and rural areas, thereby affecting the directions, types and results of land use structure transitions. In the future, guided by the rural vitalization strategy, we should optimize the land use structure by type conversion, land use efficiency enhancement, and policy guarantee. This paper can enrich and innovate the research of rural settlements transition and optimization theoretically, as well as provide scientific support for the village's planning and rural vitalization practically.