不同邻近性视角下城市网络外部性、集聚外部性对城市经济的影响——以辽宁省城市网络为例

不必地理邻接即可产生外部性关系,城市网络外部性对传统基于地理距离的集聚外部性理论形成挑战,也诱发多种外部性对城市经济发展影响的新思考。因此本文以辽宁省城市网络为研究案例,通过城市间地理距离、手机通话数据与手机信令数据构建距离权重矩阵来表征不同的邻近性,并基于外部性理论、空间计量模型与社会网络分析方法,来探究不同邻近性视角下城市网络外部性、集聚外部性对经济溢出的各自影响和共同作用。研究发现：① 不同邻近性视角下两种外部性的共同作用,比二者之一对城市经济溢出影响更加显著;② 不同邻近性视角下两种外部性影响方向有所不同,地理与信息邻近性视角下两种外部性的共同作用抑制城市经济外溢,社会邻近视角下则促进城市经济外溢,地理邻近性仍然占据主要地位;③ 由于城市规模与控制能力差异较大,辽宁省城市网络难以实现正向的经济外溢,但社会邻近下的人口流动能够促进溢出。因此,处于大城市周边的中小城市需积极参与和主动嵌入城市网络中,才有可能获得转变“外部不经济”为正向溢出的机会,应重视城市之间人口流动与社会联系对区域发展平衡的作用。

The impact of urban network externalities and agglomeration externalities on urban economy through the lens of different proximity: A case of urban network in Liaoning Province

Externalities can be generated without geographical adjacency. Urban network externalities challenge the traditional agglomeration externalities theory based on geographical distance, and induce new thoughts on the impact of various externalities on urban economic development. Therefore, this paper takes the urban network of Liaoning Province, China, as a research case and constructs a distance weight matrix through the geographical distance between cities, intercity mobile phone call data and mobile phone signaling data to represent different proximity. Based on the externality theory, spatial econometric model and social network analysis method, this paper explores the respective effects and joint effects of urban network externalities and agglomeration externalities on economic spillovers from different proximity perspectives. On the basis of the theory of externalities and social network analysis, it is aimed to delineate that agglomeration externalities and urban network externalities are not opposites but collectively affect the development of the urban economy. Results show that the combined effect of agglomeration externalities and urban network externalities exhibited a more significant impact on urban economic spillovers than either of the two in different proximity perspectives. However, the combined effect of two externalities from different proximity perspectives presented diverse directions. From the perspective of geographic and information proximity, it had inhibition on urban economy spillover, while from social proximity, it performed a promotion effect. It turned out that geographic proximity still played a main role in the different lens of proximity. Due to the large difference existing in size and control force of cities, there was difficulty in achieving positive spatial spillover in the urban network of Liaoning Province, but population mobility reflecting social proximity was beneficial to economy spillover. Therefore, it would be better for small and medium-sized cities around large cities to embed themselves actively in the urban network in order to gain the opportunity of transforming the "external diseconomy" into a positive spillover ("external economy"). As the propagating path of tacit knowledge, population flow also takes on the significant vehicle of economy spillover. To achieve positive externalities of social proximity network, much attention should be paid to the impact of population flow and social connection between cities on the balanced regional development.