文化邻近对“一带一路”沿线国家间科研合作强度的影响

跨国科研合作是“一带一路”倡议的重要内容,而相互信任则是科研合作的重要基础。由于“一带一路”沿线各国的经济规模和社会文化环境差异都较大,文化邻近对于增进国家间相互信任,进而推动跨国科研合作就具有重要价值。考虑到以往研究主要以合著科研论文数量来测度国家间的科研合作水平,可能放大了经济规模、人口规模、发文总量等的影响,本研究基于2007—2020年间“一带一路”沿线66国间的合著科研论文数量,以改进的Salton指数表征的科研论文合作强度测度国家间科研合作水平,采用社会网络分析、回归分析和GIS空间分析等方法,探究沿线各国在2007—2013年和2014—2020年两个时间段内科研合作强度的演变过程,并以此为基础,着重考察文化邻近的可能影响。研究表明：① 综合分析论文合作规模和合作强度,能够识别出建立在语言、宗教等文化要素邻近之上的两国间真正的强合作关系,宗教邻近有助于增进互信,语言邻近有助于增进相互理解,方便了科研合作过程中的交流和沟通。② 2007年以来,“一带一路”沿线国家间的科研合作空间格局已由“两核九中心”转变为“一核八中心”,中国成为网络中唯一的核心,与其他国家的加权度中心性差距不断扩大。③ 国家发文量、国家间经济发展差距、政治关系、地理距离、语言邻近和宗教邻近等均对科研合作强度有显著影响,其中文化（语言和宗教）邻近的影响最为显著,但也趋于减弱,语言邻近的影响要强于宗教邻近,并且只有语言相同或属于同一语支能够显著促进国家间的科研合作。中国作为“一带一路”倡议的发起国,与沿线大多数国家并不具有天然的文化邻近,在一定程度上阻碍了科研合作网络的建设。未来,有必要更加重视跨文化交流和沟通,以增进科研合作领域的信任关系,推动科研合作取得实效。

Influence of cultural proximity on the intensity of scientific cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road

Transnational scientific cooperation is one of the most important contents in the Belt and Road Initiative, and mutual trust is the vital foundation of the cooperation. As the countries along the Belt and Road are quite different in the economic scale and social and cultural environment, cultural proximity is of great value to enhance mutual trust among countries and to promote transnational scientific cooperation. Considering the possibility of magnifying the effect of the economy scale, population size, and the total number of papers mainly represented by the number of co-authors on the research cooperation level, this study characterizes the level of scientific cooperation by the cooperation intensity of scientific papers through the improved Salton index and the number of co-authored papers among 66 countries along the Belt and Road between 2007-2020. The evolution process of scientific cooperation intensity in 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 is analyzed by using social network analysis, regression analysis and GIS spatial analysis, so as to explore the possible impact of cultural proximity. The results are as follows: (1) Comprehensive analysis of the scale and intensity of paper cooperation helps identify the real cooperative relationship among the countries based on the proximity of languages, religions, and other cultural elements. The religious proximity helps to enhance mutual trust, and the linguistic proximity helps to enhance mutual understanding. (2) Since 2007, the scientific cooperation network has changed from “two cores and nine centers” to “one core and eight centers”. China has become the only core of the network, and the centrality gap of weighting degree is widening. (3) The total number of published papers, the gap of the economic development, political relations, geographical distances, linguistic proximity and religious proximity all have a significant impact on the intensity of scientific cooperation. Among them, the impact of cultural proximity (language and religion) is the most significant, but it tends to weaken. The impact of linguistic proximity is stronger than the religious proximity, but only the same languages or languages belonging to the same branch can significantly promote scientific cooperation among countries. It hinders the construction of scientific cooperation network that China has no natural cultural proximity with most of the countries along the Belt and Road. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to cross-cultural exchanges and communication in the future, so as to enhance the trust in the field of scientific cooperation and promote the effectiveness of scientific cooperation.