基于网络形态的街道空间环境与“两抢一盗”犯罪的关系研究——以HS市原DP区为例

城市街道网络是承载人们日常行为的空间载体，街道网络及其中人的日常行为共同构成了主要的街道网络空间环境，并影响着犯罪行为的发生。既有研究表明街道空间中多发“两抢一盗”侵财类案件，并且街道网络形态和日常行为主体与犯罪存在联系，但对这一问题的深入探究较少。本文基于HS市原DP区的派出所辖区单元，使用路网数据、人口统计数据、手机信令数据等相关资料，采用空间分析和统计分析方法，对街道网络的几何形态和拓扑形态、动态人口和静态人口等因素与犯罪分布的关系展开分析，尝试探索街道网络空间环境对“两抢一盗”犯罪的影响。结果表明，街道网络空间环境中影响盗窃和两抢犯罪的要素存在较大差异。“X形单元”式街道网络、路网密度、低速交通的路网渗透性、静态人口密度和动态人口密度均对盗窃犯罪产生重要影响，与两抢犯罪相关的仅有“T形单元”式街道网络、静态人口中的实际居住户籍人员和外来人员密度，街道网络形态没有表现出与两抢犯罪的显著相关。最后提出，由于街道网络的通达性和危险性往往并存，如何通过调控或改善整体的街道网络空间环境来尽可能减少犯罪风险，是未来规划建设安全的街道网络空间需要思考的话题。

The relationship between the network-pattern-based street spatial environment and crime of robberies and thefts,with the former DP District of HS City as an example

As the spatial carrier of people's daily behaviors, the street network and behaviors therein constitute the main spatial environment of street network, which affects criminal behavior. Previous studies have shown that there are frequent cases of robberies and thefts in the streets, and the street network pattern and routine activity subjects are both related to crime. However, there are few in-depth explorations of such a relationship. Based on the police patrol area unit of the original DP District of HS City, this paper has adopted spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods to analyze the road network data, demographic data, mobile phone signaling data and other relevant data in order to explore the relationship between crime and street morphological characteristics including geometric and topological form, the relationship between crime and routine activity subjects including dynamic population and static population, and the impact of the street network on robberies and thefts. The results have shown that the factors affecting thefts and robberies in the street network are quite different. The factors affecting the theft crime are more complex. "X-cell" street network, road network density, road network permeability of low-speed traffic, static population density and dynamic population density all have an important impact on thefts. Only the branch density has a negative effect, and the rest of the factors have a positive effect. "T-cell" street network, density of actual residents and migrants in static population are related to robberies. But the street network pattern has not shown a significant correlation with robberies. In general, the street networks with more main roads, better accessibility, higher population density, and higher population mobility are prone to thefts. The street networks with many migrants are prone to the robberies. In addition, the findings of this study can also make certain extensions to the crime pattern theory. Since the accessibility of street network often brings risks, it is proposed at the end of the paper that it is imperative to consider how to reduce the crime risks as much as possible by regulating or improving the overall spatial environment of street network during the planning and construction of a safe street network environment in the future.