基于多维感知的城市活力空间特征研究

基于多维感知对城市活力进行综合评价并探索其用地特征,是提升城市智慧化水平、实现精准规划和有机更新的重要基础。本研究以厦门岛为例,基于社交媒体签到数据、夜间灯光影像数据、POI数据和LBS大数据,从社会、经济、文化和空间4个维度感知城市活力,使用核密度、数据网格化和最优聚类法,分析城市活力的空间特征,并探讨不同活力区域的土地利用结构、功能多样性和开发强度等用地特征。研究发现：① 基于多源数据的城市活力多维感知方法可精准、有效评估城市空间特征和发展动态;② 厦门岛社会、经济、文化和空间维度城市活力的空间分布存在一定差异,4类活力区域呈现出西部连绵成带、东部围绕商务区和大型设施集中的特征;③ 各类活力区域的用地特征存在较大差异。第一类区域的公共管理与公共服务用地占比和第二类区域的商业服务业用地占比最高,均接近20%。集聚可显著提升城市活力,建设用地周边1000 m范围内的功能混合度更为重要。居住和商业服务业设施用地的活力水平随着开发强度的降低而降低,高值区容积率均在2.0以上。

Spatial Characteristics of Urban Vitality based on Multi-dimensional Perception

Comprehensive evaluation of urban vitality and exploration of its land-use characteristics based on multi-dimensional perception is an important foundation for improving the level of urban intelligence, realizing accurate planning and organic renewal. Taking Xiamen Island as a case study, based on social media check-in data, night light image data, POI data, and LBS big data, urban vitality is quantified from four dimensions: society, economy, culture, and space. The spatial characteristics of urban vitality are analyzed by using kernel density, data gridding, and optimal clustering method, and the land use structure, functional diversity and development intensity of different areas are discussed. The findings are as follows: (1) Multi-dimensional perception method of urban vitality based on multi-source data can accurately and effectively evaluate urban spatial characteristics and development trends; (2) There are some differences in the spatial distribution of urban vitality in the social, economic, cultural, and spatial dimensions of Xiamen Island, and the distribution of the these four types of urban vitality are characterized by continuous belts in the west, business districts, and large-scale facilities in the east; (3) There are great differences in land use characteristics of various areas. The proportion of public administration and public service land in the first category and the proportion of commercial services land in the second category are the highest, both close to 20%. Agglomeration can significantly enhance the urban vitality, and the degree of functional mixing within 1000 m around the construction land is important. The vitality of residential and commercial service facility land decreases with the decrease of development intensity, and the plot ratio of high-value areas is above 2.0.