基于飞行阶段的精细化航空二氧化碳排放因子研究

航空运输是交通领域CO₂排放增长最快速的部门。文中选择中国民航使用频率较高的超大型、大型、中型和小型飞机的典型机型,基于不同飞机在起飞、爬升、巡航、接近和滑行阶段引擎油耗速率、运行时间和油耗量的变化,计算航空飞机CO₂排放因子。同时结合各机型碳排放因子、额定载客量与客座率评估旅客搭乘不同飞机时的人均CO₂排放量（即单位客运周转量CO₂排放因子)。结果显示,超大型飞机、大型飞机、中型飞机和小型飞机在其航程区间内的平均CO₂排放因子分别为49.8、31.7、16.2和8.5 kg CO₂/km;满载条件下单位客运周转量CO₂排放因子均值分别为102.6、95.2、81.7和112.4 g CO₂/(人?km)。起飞和爬升阶段引擎油耗速率约为巡航阶段油耗速率的2.6~3.4倍和2.0~2.8倍,飞机CO₂排放因子随飞行里程的提高而降低。航空运输是高碳客运方式,相同里程条件下,航空单位客运周转量CO₂排放因子显著高于高铁、道路机动车等其他客运方式。提升燃油效率、减少短途航运、合理安排航线以提高客座率并减少中途转机是降低航空碳排放量的有效途径。

Study on fine aviation carbon dioxide emission factors based on the flight phase

Air transport is the fastest-growing sector for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the transportation field. In this study, typical aircrafts of super-large, large, medium, and small size were selected to calculate aviation CO₂ emission factors, based on the change of engine fuel consumption rate, time consumption and fuel consumption of different aircraft during take-off, climb out, cruise, approach and taxiing stages. Meanwhile, the per capita CO₂ emissions of passengers (CO₂ emission factor per passenger turnover) on different aircraft were evaluated according to the CO₂ emission characteristics, rated passenger capacity and passenger load of different aircraft. The results showed that the average CO₂ emission factors of super-large, large, medium, and small size aircraft within their maximum mileage are 49.8, 31.7, 16.2 and 8.5 kg CO₂/km, respectively, and the average CO₂ emission factors per passenger turnover are 102.6, 95.2, 81.7 and 112.4 g CO₂/(person?km). Because the engine fuel consumption rate during take-off and climb out is about 2.6-3.4 times and 2.0-2.8 times of the cruise fuel consumption rate, the aviation CO₂ emission factor decreases with the flight mileage increase. Air transport is a high carbon emission passenger transport mode, and its per capita CO₂ emissions is significantly higher than that of high-speed railway and on-road motor vehicles under the same mileage. It is an effective way to reduce aviation CO₂ emissions by improving engine fuel efficiency, reducing short-distance transport, improving the passenger loads and reducing midway transfers.